E-Election 2007? Political competition online

Organization as an Impediment to Effective Ict Campaigning

“…This certainly appeared to be true for the 2001, 2004 and 2010 campaigns. The 2007 campaign stands out as the one campaign of the last decade when they may have fallen behind, although with some success with initiatives in social media advertising (Chen & Walsh 2010). However, issues with the Australian Greens 2007 ICT campaign can arguably be said to be as a result of inherent constraints inbuilt into the Australian Greens structure.…”

“…Previous examinations of online election campaigns in Australia have tended to focus primarily on parties' online capabilities, emphasizing the take-up of information and communication technologies (ICTs), web presence and candidates' use of both the internet and social media (for instance Gibson & Ward 2002Gibson & McAllister 2006;Goot 2008;Macnamara 2008;Kissane 2009;Chen & Walsh 2010). However, what has been less examined is how the organizational structures of political parties themselves have responded to the needs of virtual campaigning, and how their existing structures may act as springboards or barriers to effective entry into ICT campaigning.…”

Does social media matter in developing democracies? Examining its impact on citizen political participation and expression in Uganda

“…And further observed that there exists, a positive relationship between Facebook use intensity and students' life satisfaction, social trust, civic engagement, and political participation (Valenzuela et al, ). Amidst the growing sense of alienation from formal political institutions and processes (Flew, ), developed democracies are making use of SM in election campaigns (Chen & Walsh, ; Gibson & McAllister, ; Gibson, Williamson, & Ward, ) to engage citizens that had lost interest in traditional political activities (Dahlgren, ; McAllister, ) such as elections. Therefore, does use of SM enhance citizens' political participation and expression in Uganda?…”

“…Though developing democracies of Burundi, The Gambia, Chad, and Zimbabwe (Searcey & Essomba, ) limit the use of SM during election periods, there exists scholarly evidence in developed democracies exemplifying the usefulness of SM in election campaigns (Chen & Walsh, ; Gibson, Lusoli, & Ward, ; Gibson et al, ). Different scholars note that through using SM, citizens that had lost interest in political‐related activities were easily connected to and encouraged to participate (Dahlgren, ; McAllister, ).…”

“…Subsequently despite radio medium being the number one preferred source of information in Uganda, there is an increased preference for internet as the second most preferred source of information (UBOS, 2016), which advances the need for studies that examine the impact of internet in political participation and expression in Uganda. And because Gambs (2012) Though developing democracies of Burundi, The Gambia, Chad, and Zimbabwe (Searcey & Essomba, 2017) limit the use of SM during election periods, there exists scholarly evidence in developed democracies exemplifying the usefulness of SM in election campaigns (Chen & Walsh, 2009;Gibson, Lusoli, & Ward, 2008;Gibson et al, 2010). Different scholars note that through using SM, citizens that had lost interest in political-related activities were easily connected to and encouraged to participate (Dahlgren, 2009;McAllister, 2002).…”