E. coli σ Factor: A Positive Control Element in Phage T4 Development

Bautz, Ekkehard K. F.; Bautz, Friedlinde A.; Dunn, John J.

doi:10.1038/2231022a0

Cited by 147 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Thus Seifert et al [8] found that the enzyme isolated immediately after infection contained some u subunit whereas the enzyme-isolated late in the infection period contained no u subunit. Similar findings have also been reported by Bautz and Dunn [9] . Travers [lo] and also Khesin [ 1 l] have, however, noted that the enzyme contains considerable amounts of u subunits.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Influence of salt on transcription by T₄ core RNA polymerase

Kleppe

1975

FEBS Letters

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Influence of salt on transcription by T₄ core RNA polymerase

Kleppe

1975

FEBS Letters

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“…a-Factor is a necessary requirement for accurate initiation of RNA synthesis by core RNA polymerase in vitro on certain phage DNA templates (4)(5)(6)(7). Our studies with well-defined templates have shown that the stimulatory effect of o-factor depends on both the base composition and secondary structure of the template, as well as the concentration of ribonucleoside triphosphate, and that the same type of stimulatory effect is obtained with oligoribonucleotides complementary to the templates (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 62%

RNA Initiation with Dinucleoside Monophosphates during Transcription of Bacteriophage T4 DNA with RNA Polymerase of Escherichia coli

Hoffman

Niyogi

1973

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The effects of dinucleoside monophosphates on the transcription of phage T4 DNA by E. coli RNA polymerase have been examined at various concentrations of the sigma subunit and extremely low concentration of ribonucleoside triphosphate. The following conclusions were reached: (i) Labeled specific dinucleoside monophosphates are incorporated as chain initiators. (ii) When the ratio of sigma factor to core enzyme is small, there is a general stimulation by most 5'-guanosyl dinucleoside monophosphates. (iii) When the ratio is increased or holoenzyme is present, ApU, CpA, UpA, and GpU are the most effective stimulators. (iv) At high concentrations of sigma factor, only certain adenosine-containing dinucleoside monophosphates (ApU, CpA, UpA, and ApA) stimulate the reaction. (v) Competition hybridization studies indicate that the RNAs stimulated by dinucleoside monophosphates (ApU, CpA, UpA, and GpU) are of the T4 "early" type. (vi) Studies involving both combinations of stimulatory dinucleoside monophosphates and competitive effects of these compounds on chain initiation by ATP and GTP suggest that the stimulatory dinucleoside monophosphates act as chain initiators and may recognize part of a continuous sequence in a promoter region. Studies based on the incorporation of 3H-labeled stimulatory dinucleoside monophosphates support the above conclusions.The discovery of the sigma (a) subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase added strength to the concept of positive control of transcription in vitro (1-3). a-Factor is a necessary requirement for accurate initiation of RNA synthesis by core RNA polymerase in vitro on certain phage DNA templates (4-7). Our studies with well-defined templates have shown that the stimulatory effect of o-factor depends on both the base composition and secondary structure of the template, as well as the concentration of ribonucleoside triphosphate, and that the same type of stimulatory effect is obtained with oligoribonucleotides complementary to the templates (8). Earlier studies by Niyogi and Stevens (9) with holo RNA polymerase and synthetic polyribonucleotide templates indicated that only complementary oligoribonucleotides with a free 3'-hydroxyl group are stimulatory and preferentially incorporated into the 5'phosphomonoester chain end of the product, hence acting as chain initiators. Gros et al. (10)

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“…RNA complementary to human placental DNA was synthesized in vitro with DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli. The enzyme was isolated from late-log phase E. coli B cells (Miles Laboratories) by a combination of the methods of Burgess (16) and Bautz and Dunn (17). In this procedure enzyme fraction 4 of Burgess is further purified on columns of DNA-cellulose (18) and Bio-Gel A 1.5 m. High specific activity [3H]cRNA was prepared as described (19).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

¹²⁵ I-Labeled DNA·RNA Hybrids in Cytological Preparations

Altenburg

Getz

Crain

et al. 1973

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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RNA complementary to bulk humanplacental DNA was synthesized in vitro both in the presence and absence of 3H-labeled ribonucleotides. The 'Hlabeled RNA was used directly for hybridization to the DNA of human metaphase chromosomes, whereas the unlabeled complementary RNA was labeled chemically with l26l before hybridization. A comparison of autoradiographs produced by either isotope revealed no qualitative differences in the chromosomal annealing sites of the same population of RNA molecules. Since "15I-labeled nucleic acids give similar, if not identical, results as do 'H-labeled nucleic acids in in situ hybridization experiments, their use should make possible the localization of genetic elements for which tritium labeling methods are either inadequate or not possible.

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E. coli σ Factor: A Positive Control Element in Phage T4 Development

Cited by 147 publications

References 13 publications

Influence of salt on transcription by T₄ core RNA polymerase

Influence of salt on transcription by T₄ core RNA polymerase

RNA Initiation with Dinucleoside Monophosphates during Transcription of Bacteriophage T4 DNA with RNA Polymerase of Escherichia coli

¹²⁵ I-Labeled DNA·RNA Hybrids in Cytological Preparations

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E. coli σ Factor: A Positive Control Element in Phage T4 Development

Cited by 147 publications

References 13 publications

Influence of salt on transcription by T4 core RNA polymerase

Influence of salt on transcription by T4 core RNA polymerase

RNA Initiation with Dinucleoside Monophosphates during Transcription of Bacteriophage T4 DNA with RNA Polymerase of Escherichia coli

125 I-Labeled DNA·RNA Hybrids in Cytological Preparations

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Influence of salt on transcription by T₄ core RNA polymerase

Influence of salt on transcription by T₄ core RNA polymerase

¹²⁵ I-Labeled DNA·RNA Hybrids in Cytological Preparations