E-Cigarettes and “Dripping” Among High-School Youth

Krishnan‐Sarin, Suchitra; Morean, Meghan E.; Kong, Grace; Bold, Krysten W.; Camenga, Deepa R.; Cavallo, Dana A.; Simon, Patricia; Wu, Rongqian

doi:10.1542/peds.2016-3224

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Evidence suggests youth find many aspects of e-cigarettes appealing, including the wide variety of flavors and ability to use these products in unique ways such as for smoke tricks or ‘dripping’(Kong et al, 2015; Krishnan-Sarin et al, 2015; Krishnan-Sarin et al, 2017; Wagoner et al, 2016). E-cigarette devices themselves may also be appealing as they come in many different designs (e.g., tanks, cartridges) with elements that can be customized by the user (e.g., color, voltage, temperature, flavor) (Brown and Cheng, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early age of e-cigarette use onset mediates the association between impulsivity and e-cigarette use frequency in youth

Bold

Morean

Kong

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Identifying risk factors for youth e-cigarette use is critical, given high rates of e-cigarette use and unknown health effects of long-term use. The current study examined whether an early age of onset of e-cigarette use mediates the association between impulsivity and e-cigarette frequency. Methods Cross-sectional survey data of e-cigarette users (n=927) were collected from 8 high schools in southeastern Connecticut. The sample was 44.7% female (mean age 16.2 [SD=1.2], mean age of e-cigarette onset 14.7 [SD=1.6]). Two domains of self-reported, trait impulsivity were assessed using the abbreviated Barratt Impulsiveness Scale: impaired self-regulation (e.g., problems with concentration or self-control) and behavioral impulsivity (e.g., doing things without thinking). Mediation was tested with Mplus, and the model included school as a cluster variable and controlled for covariates related to e-cigarette use (i.e., sex, age, race, peer use, and other tobacco products ever tried). Results The hypothesized mediation was supported for both domains of impulsivity (impaired self-regulation a1b=.09, SE=.02, 95%CI [.03–.14], p=.002; behavioral impulsivity a2b=.07, SE=.03, 95 CI [.01–.14], p=.03). Specifically, impaired self-regulation (B=−.33, SE=.06, p<.001) and behavioral impulsivity (B=−.26, SE=.11, p=.02) predicted trying e-cigarettes at an earlier age, and earlier initiation was associated with more days of e-cigarette use in the past month (B=−.28, SE=.08, p<.001). Conclusions Adolescents who endorse aspects of impulsivity, such as acting without thinking, are at greater risk for more frequent e-cigarette use through an early age of e-cigarette initiation. Further research is needed to evaluate these relationships longitudinally and to develop targeted e-cigarette interventions for impulsive youth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early age of e-cigarette use onset mediates the association between impulsivity and e-cigarette use frequency in youth

Bold

Morean

Kong

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Self Cite

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“…In a survey, 1 in 4 high school students using vape devices also used them for dripping, citing desires for a thicker cloud of vapor, more intense fl avor, "a stronger throat hit," curiosity, and other reasons. 35 Dripping involves higher temperatures, which leads to higher amounts of nicotine delivered, along with more formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone (see below). 36…”

Section: What Is 'Dripping'?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaping: The new wave of nicotine addiction

Dinardo

Rome

2019

CCJM

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Vaping devices, introduced to the US market in 2007 as aids for smoking cessation, have become popular among youth and young adults because of their enticing fl avors and perceived lack of negative health effects. However, evidence is emerging that vaping may introduce high levels of dangerous chemicals into the body and cause severe lung injury and death. This article reviews the history and prevalence of vaping and available research on its health effects and effi cacy in smoking cessation, and proposes recommendations for clinicians and legislators to reduce harms associated with vaping. KEY POINTS Vaping is a common gateway to tobacco and marijuana use for adolescents and adults. The Juul vaping device delivers high nicotine concentrations that may pose a higher risk of nicotine addiction. Vaping has had unintended consequences that include poisoning of children who swallowed liquid nicotine, fi res and explosions from defective batteries in the devices, and effects on the developing brain. Vaping is associated with respiratory illness and, in rare cases, death, likely due to vaporized agents introduced into the lungs. Small amounts of heavy metals, acetone, and other carcinogenic compounds in the vaping aerosol may cause lung damage.

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“…Minors' ability to legally purchase "nonnicotine" ENDS and novel higher-risk uses such as "dripping" (inhaling e-liquids dropped directly onto heated atomizers) could contribute to higher call volumes among adolescents in Canada. 33 Our study shows how poison centre data may be used for case-based surveillance. Through the routine collection of information regarding flavours and delivery systems (e.g., single-use e-cigarettes, vape pens, e-pipes), poison centre data could be used to target both product-based and edu-cational interventions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Electronic cigarette exposures reported to the British Columbia Drug and Poison Information Centre: an observational case series

Choi

Rahim

et al. 2019

cmajo

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Background: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDSs), including electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), are rapidly gaining popularity. The aim of this study was to use poison centre data to describe epidemiological trends in ENDS-related exposures. Methods: We conducted an observational case series study using records containing both coded fields and free-text narratives from the British Columbia Drug and Poison Information Centre for all calls involving exposure to ENDS received from 2012 to 2017. We described trends in exposures and exposed people, as well as clinical effects. Results: A total of 243 calls were recorded for 186 unique exposures to ENDS devices, e-juice, e-cigarette cartridges and other associated paraphernalia over the study period. Calls related to ENDS exposures increased nearly sixfold between 2013 and 2014 and did not decline subsequently. Exposures were most frequently documented in children aged 4 years or less (81 [43.5%]), with 58 (31.0%) in 1-and 2-year-olds. Seventy-two exposures (89%) in children aged 4 years or less were due to accidental ingestion, whereas adults aged 25 years or more called the poison centre following ENDS malfunctions (7 [23%], spills (4 [13%]) and exposure to e-juice mistaken for other substances (4 [13%]). Of the 186 exposed people, 87 (46.8%) reported symptoms. Interpretation: British Columbia experienced a sixfold increase in ENDS-related calls to the provincial poison centre between 2012 and 2017, driven by ingestions in young children. Regulatory approaches aimed at minimizing children's access to ENDS, clear labelling of nicotine concentration, and packaging that reduces the likelihood of spills, product confusion and malfunction should be considered.

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E-Cigarettes and “Dripping” Among High-School Youth

Cited by 50 publications

References 18 publications

Early age of e-cigarette use onset mediates the association between impulsivity and e-cigarette use frequency in youth

Early age of e-cigarette use onset mediates the association between impulsivity and e-cigarette use frequency in youth

Vaping: The new wave of nicotine addiction

Electronic cigarette exposures reported to the British Columbia Drug and Poison Information Centre: an observational case series

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