E-cigarettes and cigarettes worsen peripheral and central hemodynamics as well as arterial stiffness: A randomized, double-blinded pilot study

Franzen, Klaas; Willig, Johannes; Talavera, Silja Cayo; Meusel, Moritz; Sayk, Friedhelm; Reppel, Michael; Dalhoff, K; Mortensen, Kai; Droemann, Daniel

doi:10.1177/1358863x18779694

Cited by 124 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…2, where the vertical dashed line represents no effect and plots to the right of the vertical dashed line indicate that the TC effect is greater than the EC effect. The results of most studies [5,15,26,44,52], but not of all studies [16,25,47], are consistent with the concept that the effects of TC smoking on acute cardiovascular autonomic functions are greater than those of EC vaping. The overall mean differences between TC smoking and EC vaping across all studies was 1.58 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.20-2.97; p = 0.025) for SBP, 1.57 mmHg (95% CI 0.37-2.78; p = 0.01) for DBP and 3.06 bpm (95% CI 2.01-4.10; p = 0.00001) for HR.…”

Section: Acute Autonomic Cardiovascular Effects Of Tc Smoking Versus supporting

confidence: 63%

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Cardiovascular autonomic effects of electronic cigarette use: a systematic review

2020

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Purpose Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are the fastest growing tobacco product in the USA, and ECs, like tobacco cigarettes (TCs), have effects on the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system, with clinical implications. The purpose of this review was to collect and synthesize available studies that have investigated the autonomic cardiovascular effects of EC use in humans. Special attention is paid to the acute and chronic effects of ECs, the relative contributions of the nicotine versus non-nicotine constituents in EC emissions and the relative effects of ECs compared to TCs. Methods Using the methodology described in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement, we conducted a literature search of the Ovid PubMed and Embase databases on 6 December 2019 using keywords in titles and abstracts of published literature. Acute (minutes to hours) and chronic (days or longer) changes in heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were used as estimates of cardiovascular autonomic effects. Results Nineteen studies were included in this systematic review, all of which used earlier generation EC devices. Acute EC vaping increased HR and BP less than acute TC smoking. Nicotine but not non-nicotine constituents in EC aerosol were responsible for the sympathoexcitatory effects. The results of chronic EC vaping studies were consistent with a chronic sympathoexcitatory effect as estimated by HRV, but this did not translate into chronic increases in HR or BP. Conclusions Electronic cigarettes are sympathoexcitatory. Cardiac sympathoexcitatory effects are less when vaping using the earlier generation ECs than when smoking TCs. Additional studies of the latest pod-like EC devices, which deliver nicotine similarly to a TC, are necessary.

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Section: Acute Autonomic Cardiovascular Effects Of Tc Smoking Versus supporting

confidence: 63%

“…Plasma nicotine levels in EC vapers are similar to those in TC smokers [42,49], and nicotine is a sympathomimetic agent. Several recent studies have reported that ECs, similar to TCs, increase sympathetic nerve activity, as estimated by acute and chronic changes in HR, BP and HRV [2,5,8,15,16,26,34,35,44,47,52].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular autonomic effects of electronic cigarette use: a systematic review

2020

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“…There are findings demonstrating impaired vasodilatation and increase of PWV after the use of E‐Cig, which are associated with VC of the media vessel wall. Interestingly, Chaumont et al as well as Franzen et al showed a negative effect on the integrity of the vasculature only when nicotine‐containing liquids or vapor were used …”

Section: Effects Of Nicotine On Vascular Calcificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, Chaumont et al as well as Franzen et al showed a negative effect on the integrity of the vasculature only when nicotine-containing liquids or vapor were used. 56,57 Nicotine prevents the activation of the eNOS by inhibiting the calcium influx into EC in vitro. 58 It also reduces the eNOS activity in the corpus cavernosum of rats.…”

Section: Endothelial Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In times of tobacco‐free nicotine consumption: The influence of nicotine on vascular calcification

Babic

Schuchardt

Tölle

et al. 2019

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Background Smoking remains the most important avoidable cause of global mortality. Even though the number of cigarette smokers declines in first world countries, the uses of alternative nicotine delivery products increase and may even surpass the sells of cigarettes. In this light, the explicit role of nicotine in the development of cardiovascular diseases should be elucidated. Objectives This narrative review attempts to connect current literature about possible effects of nicotine on the environment of the vasculature to the pathogenesis of vascular calcification, focusing on the tunica media of the vessel wall. Methods For this review, papers found on Pubmed and Medline until December 2018 by searching for the keywords nicotine, vascular calcification, oxidative stress, osteoblastic transdifferentiation and matrix degradation were considered. Results Nicotine creates an environment that probably facilitates and maybe even induces osteogenic transdifferentiation of VSMC by inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species. This process is believed to be a key event in calcification of the tunica media of the vessel wall. Furthermore, nicotine could lead to the formation of nucleation sites for hydroxyapatite by facilitating matrix vesicles and extracellular matrix degradation. Conclusions There is a growing body of evidence implicating that nicotine alone could impair vascular function and lead to vascular calcification. Further research is necessary to elucidate the explicit influence of nicotine on arteriosclerosis.

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“…[ Figure 4 goes here] 21 previously reported that exposure to previous generation e-cig aerosol leads to adverse effects on oxidative stress and vascular function in humans, and reports of harmful effects on hemodynamics and arterial stiffness are accumulating. 22,26,27 Our study focuses on the effect of acute exposure to JUUL on vascular function. Our results in this rat model indicate that brief use of a JUUL, a previous generation e-cig, or a Marlboro Red cigarette all led to comparable impairment of endothelial function, suggesting that the adverse effect of cigarettes on vascular endothelial function that has been a known consequence of cigarette smoking since the 1990s 12,15 is not prevented by use of JUUL.…”

Section: Serum Nicotine Was Highest In Rats That Were Exposed To Juulmentioning

confidence: 99%

JUUL and Combusted Cigarettes Comparably Impair Endothelial Function

Rao

Liu

Springer

2019

Preprint

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Objectives JUUL and earlier generation electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are promoted as being less hazardous than cigarettes. While JUUL Labs, in particular, claims that switching from smoking to vaping has beneficial impacts, the health effects of such products are not well understood. We investigated whether exposure to JUUL and previous generation e-cig aerosol impairs endothelial function comparably to cigarette smoke. Methods We exposed rats to aerosol from Virginia Tobacco flavor JUUL, an e-cig tank system using unflavored freebase nicotine e-liquid, Marlboro Red combustible tobacco cigarettes, or clean air for 10 cycles of 2 second inhalation over 5 minutes. Endothelial function (FMD) was measured pre-and post-exposure. Blood was collected 20 mins postexposure for serum nicotine analysis.Results Aerosol/smoke from JUUL, previous generation e-cigs, and cigarettes all impaired FMD. The extent of impairment ranged from 34%-58%, although the differences between groups were insignificant. Nicotine was highest in serum from the JUUL group; for the other e-cig and cigarette groups, nicotine levels were lower and comparable to each other. ConclusionsAerosol from JUUL and previous generation e-cigs impairs endothelial function in rats, comparable to impairment by cigarette smoke.

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E-cigarettes and cigarettes worsen peripheral and central hemodynamics as well as arterial stiffness: A randomized, double-blinded pilot study

Cited by 124 publications

References 31 publications

Cardiovascular autonomic effects of electronic cigarette use: a systematic review

Cardiovascular autonomic effects of electronic cigarette use: a systematic review

In times of tobacco‐free nicotine consumption: The influence of nicotine on vascular calcification

JUUL and Combusted Cigarettes Comparably Impair Endothelial Function

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