E‐cigarette or Vaping Product Use–Associated Lung Injury Produced in an Animal Model From Electronic Cigarette Vapor Exposure Without Tetrahydrocannabinol or Vitamin E Oil

Kleinman, Michael T.; Arechavala, Rebecca J; Herman, D. A.; Shi, Jianru; Hasen, Irene; Ting, Amanda; Dai, Wangde; Carreño, Juan; Chavez, Jesus; Zhao, Lifu; Kloner, Robert A.

doi:10.1161/jaha.120.017368

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As expected, animal studies have evidenced a large variety of lung lesions, including neutrophil, lymphocyte, and macrophage infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, endothelial proliferation, emphysema and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) doubled by increased cytokines and inflammatory pathway activation [114]. Interestingly, when the cannabinoids were removed from the inhaled smoke, the alveolar inflammation and wall thickening, pneumonitis, tracheobronchial fibrosis, inflammation and sputum excess were still observed [115]. These findings prompted the need for research using per se cannabinoids in controlled studies.…”

Section: In Vivo Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 63%

Cannabinoids and Inflammations of the Gut-Lung-Skin Barrier

Scheau

Căruntu

Bădărău

et al. 2021

JPM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies have identified great similarities and interferences between the epithelial layers of the digestive tract, the airways and the cutaneous layer. The relationship between these structures seems to implicate signaling pathways, cellular components and metabolic features, and has led to the definition of a gut-lung-skin barrier. Inflammation seems to involve common features in these tissues; therefore, analyzing the similarities and differences in the modulation of its biomarkers can yield significant data promoting a better understanding of the particularities of specific signaling pathways and cellular effects. Cannabinoids are well known for a wide array of beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory properties. This paper aims to explore the effects of natural and synthetic cannabinoids, including the components of the endocannabinoid system, in relation to the inflammation of the gut-lung-skin barrier epithelia. Recent advancements in the use of cannabinoids as anti-inflammatory substances in various disorders of the gut, lungs and skin are detailed. Some studies have reported mixed or controversial results, and these have also been addressed in our paper.

show abstract

Section: In Vivo Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 63%

Cannabinoids and Inflammations of the Gut-Lung-Skin Barrier

Scheau

Căruntu

Bădărău

et al. 2021

JPM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A recent study compared the acute effects of e-cigarette vapor (with PG/vegetable glycerine plus tobacco flavouring but without nicotine) generated from stainless‐steel atomizer (SS) heating element or from a nickel‐chromium alloy (NC) [ 92 ]. Some rats received a single e-cigarette exposure for 2 h from a NC heating element (60 or 70 W); other rats received a similar exposure of e-cigarette vapor using a SS heating element for the same period of time (60 or 70 W) and, a final group of animals were exposed for 2 h to air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), for many considered as a safe alternative to conventional cigarettes, has revolutionised the tobacco industry in the last decades. In e-cigarettes, tobacco combustion is replaced by e-liquid heating, leading some manufacturers to propose that e-cigarettes have less harmful respiratory effects than tobacco consumption. Other innovative features such as the adjustment of nicotine content and the choice of pleasant flavours have won over many users. Nevertheless, the safety of e-cigarette consumption and its potential as a smoking cessation method remain controversial due to limited evidence. Moreover, it has been reported that the heating process itself can lead to the formation of new decomposition compounds of questionable toxicity. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been performed to better understand the impact of these new inhalable compounds on human health. Results of toxicological analyses suggest that e-cigarettes can be safer than conventional cigarettes, although harmful effects from short-term e-cigarette use have been described. Worryingly, the potential long-term effects of e-cigarette consumption have been scarcely investigated. In this review, we take stock of the main findings in this field and their consequences for human health including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

show abstract

“…The benefit of segmental circumferential strain calculations over visual wall motion evaluation based on cine images should be investigated in a prospective setting. Even though, no segments with wall motion abnormalities and lack of LGE were detected in our small study cohort, “stunned” (in acute ischemia) or “hibernated” (in chronic ischemic conditions) myocardial segments 39 might occur in a prospective patient cohort with patients with unstable CAD or patients with recent myocardial infarction and may provide false positive results in strain calculations.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Segmental strain analysis for the detection of chronic ischemic scars in non-contrast cardiac MRI cine images

Polacin

Károlyi

Eberhard

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is considered the gold standard for scar detection after myocardial infarction. In times of increasing skepticism about gadolinium depositions in brain tissue and contraindications of gadolinium administration in some patient groups, tissue strain-based techniques for detecting ischemic scars should be further developed as part of clinical protocols. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to investigate whether segmental strain is noticeably affected in chronic infarcts and thus can be potentially used for infarct detection based on routinely acquired non-contrast cine images in patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD). Forty-six patients with known CAD and chronic scars in LGE images (5 female, mean age 52 ± 19 years) and 24 gender- and age-matched controls with normal cardiac MRI (2 female, mean age 47 ± 13 years) were retrospectively enrolled. Global (global peak circumferential [GPCS], global peak longitudinal [GPLS], global peak radial strain [GPRS]) and segmental (segmental peak circumferential [SPCS], segmental peak longitudinal [SPLS], segmental peak radial strain [SPRS]) strain parameters were calculated from standard non-contrast balanced SSFP cine sequences using commercially available software (Segment CMR, Medviso, Sweden). Visual wall motion assessment of short axis cine images as well as segmental circumferential strain calculations (endo-/epicardially contoured short axis cine and resulting polar plot strain map) of every patient and control were presented in random order to two independent blinded readers, which should localize potentially infarcted segments in those datasets blinded to LGE images and patient information. Global strain values were impaired in patients compared to controls (GPCS p = 0.02; GPLS p = 0.04; GPRS p = 0.01). Patients with preserved ejection fraction showed also impeded GPCS compared to healthy individuals (p = 0.04). In patients, mean SPCS was significantly impaired in subendocardially (− 5.4% ± 2) and in transmurally infarcted segments (− 1.2% ± 3) compared to remote myocardium (− 12.9% ± 3, p = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). ROC analysis revealed an optimal cut-off value for SPCS for discriminating infarcted from remote myocardium of − 7.2% with a sensitivity of 89.4% and specificity of 85.7%. Mean SPRS was impeded in transmurally infarcted segments (15.9% ± 6) compared to SPRS of remote myocardium (31.4% ± 5; p = 0.02). The optimal cut-off value for SPRS for discriminating scar tissue from remote myocardium was 16.6% with a sensitivity of 83.3% and specificity of 76.5%. 80.3% of all in LGE infarcted segments (118/147) were correctly localized in segmental circumferential strain calculations based on non-contrast cine images compared to 53.7% (79/147) of infarcted segments detected by visual wall motion assessment (p > 0.01). Global strain parameters are impaired in patients with chronic infarcts compared to controls. Mean SPCS and SPRS in scar tissue is impeded compared to remote myocardium in infarcts patients. Blinded to LGE images, two readers correctly localized 80% of infarcted segments in segmental circumferential strain calculations based on non-contrast cine images, in contrast to only 54% of infarcted segments detected due to wall motion abnormalities in visual wall motion assessment. Analysis of segmental circumferential strain shows a promising method for detection of chronic scars in routinely acquired, non-contrast cine images for patients who cannot receive or decline gadolinium.

show abstract

E‐cigarette or Vaping Product Use–Associated Lung Injury Produced in an Animal Model From Electronic Cigarette Vapor Exposure Without Tetrahydrocannabinol or Vitamin E Oil

Cited by 36 publications

References 6 publications

Cannabinoids and Inflammations of the Gut-Lung-Skin Barrier

Cannabinoids and Inflammations of the Gut-Lung-Skin Barrier

An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health

Segmental strain analysis for the detection of chronic ischemic scars in non-contrast cardiac MRI cine images

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About