E-beam crosslinked, biocompatible functional hydrogels incorporating polyaniline nanoparticles

Abstract

a b s t r a c t PANI aqueous nanocolloids in their acid-doped, inherently conductive form were synthesised by means of suitable water soluble polymers used as stabilisers. In particular, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) or chitosan (CT) was used to stabilise PANI nanoparticles, thus preventing PANI precipitation during synthesis and upon storage. Subsequently, e-beam irradiation of the PANI dispersions has been performed with a 12 MeV Linac accelerator. PVA-PANI nanocolloid has been transformed into a PVA-PANI hydrogel nanocomposite by radiation induced crosslinking of PVA. CT-PANI nanoparticles dispersion, in turn, was added to PVA to obtain wall-to-wall gels, as chitosan mainly undergoes chain scission under the chosen irradiation conditions. While the obtainment of uniform PANI particle size distribution was preliminarily ascertained with laser light scattering and TEM microscopy, the typical porous structure of PVA-based freeze dried hydrogels was observed with SEM microscopy for the hydrogel nanocomposites. UV À visible absorption spectroscopy demonstrates that the characteristic, pH-dependent and reversible optical absorption properties of PANI are conferred to the otherwise optically transparent PVA hydrogels. Selected formulations have been also subjected to MTT assays to prove the absence of cytotoxicity.

Design and fabrication of conductive nanofibrous scaffolds for neural tissue engineering: Process modeling via response surface methodology

“…The presence of PAG just slightly reduced the cell viability during the test period, therefore, it can be concluded that the optimum scaffolds with PAG have supported the proliferation of MSCs during the test period. Non-toxicity of polyaniline against cells has been previously reported in other studies; Dispenza et al 33 evaluated cell viability of human dermal fibroblast cells on 4, 48, and 72 h after incubation on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PVA/PANI hydrogels and reported there was not any cytotoxic activity on the samples with polyaniline. Liu et al 34 investigated cell biocompatibility of polyaniline film using PC-12 cells and concluded its ability for cell proliferation and its potential to cultivate neuronal cells for applications in tissue engineering.…”

In situ preparation of polyaniline within neutral, anionic, and cationic superporous cryogel networks as conductive, semi‐interpenetrating polymer network cryogel composite systems

“…Each component of the cryogel–CP composites has attracted tremendous attention in research and technological applications because of their superporosity, elasticity, flexibility, high mechanical strength, fast responsiveness, and electronically active and conducting nature of p(An) . The lone electron pairs on nitrogen participate in conjugation, and the doping is associated with a chain protonation mechanism in p(An) that leads to electronic conductions.…”

“…Because of the relatively good electrical conductivity and high chemical and thermal stability, p(An)‐based conducting polymers could be used in electronic devices, actuators, and sensors. P(An) can undergo reversible acid–base doping–dedoping behavior because of its readily controllable properties, including its free volume, solubility, optical activity, and electrical conductivity . Interestingly, polyelectrolyte hydrogels, such as poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid sodium salt) [p(AMPS)], poly(3‐acrylamidopropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride) [p(APTMACl)], and poly(acrylic acid) [p(AAc)], also provide ionic conductivity because of their ionic‐group‐developing functional groups .…”

“…Apart from metals and inorganic semiconductors, CPs are conjugated polymers with spatially extended π bonding, which confers unique electrical, electrochemical and optical properties . CPs have been investigated extensively for biomedical applications, biosensors, neural prostheses electrode applications, controlled drug‐delivery systems, and also applications for the microelectronic industry, such as in photovoltaic devices, electrochromic displays, light‐emitting diodes, and even battery technology . The most commonly known CPs are polyaniline [p(An)], polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly( p ‐phenylene vinylene), and poly(ethylene dioxythiophene), and among them, p(An) is one of the most used CPs because it is considered the most convenient conducting polymer on account of its basic properties, such as its simple synthesis, enhanced electrochemical behavior, and thermal and relative environmental stability.…”

Next generation bioelectronics: Advances in fabrication coupled with clever chemistries enable the effective integration of biomaterials and organic conductors

“…In another study, PANI nanoparticles formed with the steric stabilizers poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) or CT were used to make nanostructured PANI-PVA hydrogels by crosslinking the PVA in the dispersion via E-beam irradiation. 66 The hydrogels were demonstrated to be non-cytotoxic with excellent cell viability of human dermal fibroblasts after 72 h.…”