e-ASTROGAM mission: a major step forward for gamma-ray polarimetry
Abstract:Abstract. e-ASTROGAM is a gamma-ray space mission proposed for the fifth Medium-size mission (M5) of the European Space Agency. It is dedicated to the study of the non-thermal Universe in the photon energy range from ∼0.15 MeV to 3 GeV with unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolution, together with a groundbreaking capability for gamma-ray polarimetric measurements over its entire bandwidth. We discuss here the main polarization results expected at low energies, between 150 keV and 5 MeV, using Co… Show more
“…A combination polarimetric and spectroscopic observations from e-ASTROGAM could lead to the elucidation of the nature and impact of relativistic flows from the most energetic Galactic and Extra-Galactic sources. The anticipated performance of e-ASTROGAM as a polarimeter in the low energy (< 5 MeV) Compton regime was estimated, based on simulations with the MEGALib software and results were published in Tatischeff et al (2018). The results indicate that e-ASTROGAM should be able to perform unprecedented polarization measurements of ∼ MeV gamma rays.…”
Section: Proposals and Instruments Being Builtmentioning
Over the past few decades impressive progress has been made in the field of photon polarimetry, especially in the hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray energy regime. Measurements of the linear degree of polarization for some of the most energetic astrophysical sources, such as Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) or Blazars, is now possible, at energies below the pair creation threshold. As such, a new window has been opened into understanding exact nature of the non-thermal emission mechanisms responsible for some of the most energetic phenomena in the Universe. There are still many open questions, and active debates, such as the discrimination between leptonic vs. hadronic models of emission for Blazars or ordered vs random field models for GRBs. Since the competing models predict different levels of linear photon polarization at energies above ∼ 1 MeV, gamma-ray polarimetry in that energy band could provide additional crucial insights. However, no polarimeter for gamma-rays with energies above ∼ 1 MeV has been flown into space, as the sensitivity is severely limited by a quick degradation of the angular resolution and by multiple Coulomb scatterings in the detector. Over the past few years a series of proposals and demonstrator instruments that aim to overcome those inherent difficulties have been put forth, and the prospects look promising. The paper is organized as follows: in Sec. 1 I briefly review the history and principles of gamma-ray polarimetry, emphasizing its challenges and successes; Sec. 2 is dedicated the discussion of gamma-ray polarization and polarimetry, whereas in Sec. 3.1 I discuss the past and current instruments with which measurements of linear polarization for hard X-rays and soft gamma-rays were successfully obtained for astrophysical sources; Sec. 4 outlines the scientific questions that could be solved by using gamma-ray polarimetry measurements. We end with a summary and outlook in Sec. 5
“…A combination polarimetric and spectroscopic observations from e-ASTROGAM could lead to the elucidation of the nature and impact of relativistic flows from the most energetic Galactic and Extra-Galactic sources. The anticipated performance of e-ASTROGAM as a polarimeter in the low energy (< 5 MeV) Compton regime was estimated, based on simulations with the MEGALib software and results were published in Tatischeff et al (2018). The results indicate that e-ASTROGAM should be able to perform unprecedented polarization measurements of ∼ MeV gamma rays.…”
Section: Proposals and Instruments Being Builtmentioning
Over the past few decades impressive progress has been made in the field of photon polarimetry, especially in the hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray energy regime. Measurements of the linear degree of polarization for some of the most energetic astrophysical sources, such as Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) or Blazars, is now possible, at energies below the pair creation threshold. As such, a new window has been opened into understanding exact nature of the non-thermal emission mechanisms responsible for some of the most energetic phenomena in the Universe. There are still many open questions, and active debates, such as the discrimination between leptonic vs. hadronic models of emission for Blazars or ordered vs random field models for GRBs. Since the competing models predict different levels of linear photon polarization at energies above ∼ 1 MeV, gamma-ray polarimetry in that energy band could provide additional crucial insights. However, no polarimeter for gamma-rays with energies above ∼ 1 MeV has been flown into space, as the sensitivity is severely limited by a quick degradation of the angular resolution and by multiple Coulomb scatterings in the detector. Over the past few years a series of proposals and demonstrator instruments that aim to overcome those inherent difficulties have been put forth, and the prospects look promising. The paper is organized as follows: in Sec. 1 I briefly review the history and principles of gamma-ray polarimetry, emphasizing its challenges and successes; Sec. 2 is dedicated the discussion of gamma-ray polarization and polarimetry, whereas in Sec. 3.1 I discuss the past and current instruments with which measurements of linear polarization for hard X-rays and soft gamma-rays were successfully obtained for astrophysical sources; Sec. 4 outlines the scientific questions that could be solved by using gamma-ray polarimetry measurements. We end with a summary and outlook in Sec. 5
The spectacular observational phenomena lying in blazars can be well explained and described by the relativistic beaming effect that the emission in the jet is highly boosted along the line of sight to observers. Aiming to reveal the intrinsic emission core dominance in γ-ray loud blazars, we collect a large sample including 226 blazars with available superluminal motion data and radio core-dominance parameters at 5 GHz, and calculate a crucial parameter, R⊥, defined as the ratio of the luminosity in the jet to the unbeamed luminosity when the viewing angle comes up to 90°. R⊥ is a better parameter than the well-known core-dominance parameter, R, to reveal more intrinsic physical properties behind the prominent observational characteristics within blazars. We primarily ascertain the updated median value of R⊥ = 0.032 at 5 GHz, illustrating around 97 per cent of the total radio emission are dominated by the jets in γ-ray loud blazars. We also make further discussion on the physical difference in BL Lacertae objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars.
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