Dysregulation between TH1 and TH2 T cell subpopulations in the elderly

Cakman, Irem; Rohwer, Jan; Schütz, Rudolf-M.; Kirchner, Holger; Rink, Lothar

doi:10.1016/0047-6374(96)01708-3

Cited by 174 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2) cytokines decrease whereas Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines increase (Cakman et al 1996). The same trend was also observed after LPS stimulation (Gabriel et al 2002;Cakman et al 1997).…”

Section: Adaptive Immunitysupporting

confidence: 67%

Zinc: dietary intake and impact of supplementation on immune function in elderly

Mocchegiani

Romeo

Malavolta

et al. 2012

AGE

153

119

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The diet in the elderly does not provide a sufficient level of nutrients needed to maintain an adequate healthy status leading to micronutrient deficiencies and impaired immune response with subsequent development of degenerative diseases. Nutrient "zinc" is a relevant micronutrient involved in maintaining a good integrity of many body homeostatic mechanisms, including immune efficiency, owing to its requirement for the biological activity of many enzymes, proteins and for cellular proliferation and genomic stability. Old people aged 60-65 years and older have zinc intakes below 50% of the recommended daily allowance on a given day. Many causes can be involved: among them, altered intestinal absorption, inadequate mastication, psychosocial factors, drugs interactions, altered subcellular processes (zinc transporters (Zip and ZnT family), metallothioneins, divalent metal transporter-1). Zinc supplementation may remodel the immune alterations in elderly leading to healthy ageing. Several zinc trials have been carried out with contradictory data, perhaps due to incorrect choice of an effective zinc supplementation in old subjects showing subsequent zinc toxic effects on immunity. Old subjects with specific IL-6 polymorphism (GG allele carriers; named C−) are more prone for zinc supplementation than the entire old population, in whom correct dietary habits with foods containing zinc (Mediterranean diet) may be sufficient in restoring zinc deficiency and impaired immune response. We summarise the main causes of low zinc dietary intake in elderly reporting an update on the impact of zinc supplementation upon the immune response also on the basis of individual IL-6 polymorphism.

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Section: Adaptive Immunitysupporting

confidence: 67%

Zinc: dietary intake and impact of supplementation on immune function in elderly

Mocchegiani

Romeo

Malavolta

et al. 2012

AGE

153

119

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“…Studies carried out by Cakman et al (22) showed that dysregulation in T helper cell subpopulations may contribute to the downregulation of the antibody response, as indicated by the production of low affinity antibodies and auto-antibodies instead of antigen-driven ones in elderly subjects. Here, Humoral immune response and cytokine production in aged mice www.bjournal.com.br we also observed significant changes in TH1 and TH2 cytokine levels in the supernatants of Con-A-stimulated spleen cells with advancing age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although aging seems to affect the proportions of peripheral CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as T cell functions in mice and humans, literature data concerning these matters are conflicting (17,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Some reports have shown a decline in CD8 T cells in spleen, but not in gut-associated lymphoid tissue in humans, while no alteration in CD4 T cells was found (24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging reduces the primary humoral response and the in vitro cytokine production in mice

Simioni

Costa

Tamashiro

2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Aging is accompanied by a decrease in several physiological functions that make older individuals less responsive to environmental challenges. In the present study, we analyzed the immune response of female BALB/c mice (N = 6) of different ages (from 2 to 96 weeks) and identified significant age-related alterations. Immunization with hapten-protein (trinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin) conjugates resulted in lower antibody levels in the primary and secondary responses of old mice (72 weeks old). Moreover, young mice (2, 16, and 32 weeks old) maintained specific antibodies in their sera for longer periods after primary immunization than did old mice. However, a secondary challenge efficiently induced memory in old mice, as shown by the increased antibody levels in their sera. The number of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the spleen increased until 8 weeks of age but there was no change in the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio with aging. Splenic T cells from old mice that had or had not been immunized were less responsive to concanavalin-A and showed reduced cytokine production compared to young mice (IL-2: 57-127 vs 367-1104 pg/mL, IFN-γ: 2344-12,836 vs 752-23,106 pg/mL and IL-10: 393-2172 vs 105-2869 pg/mL in old and young mice, respectively). These data suggest that there are significant changes in the organization of the immune system throughout life. However, the relevance of these alterations for the functioning of the immune system is unknown.

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“…In the T cell population of aging, there is a dysregulation between the Th1 and Th2 subsets, resulting in a predominant production of Th2 cytokines (Cakman et al, 1996). Because the prototypic Th1 and Th2 cytokines are IFN-γ and IL-4, respectively (Mosmann and Coffiman, 1989;Romagnani, 1997), the IFN-γ and IL-4 levels produced by the antigen (OVA)-stimulated lymphocytes were measured.…”

Section: Hemohim Restores the Shifted Th Cell Response In The Aged Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration of the immune functions in aged mice by supplementation with a new herbal composition, HemoHIM

Park¹,

Jo²,

Jung³

et al. 2007

Phytotherapy Research

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The effect of a new herbal composition, HemoHIM, on immune functions was examined in aged mice, in which various immune responses had been impaired. The composition HemoHIM was prepared by adding the ethanol-insoluble fraction to the total water extract of a mixture of three edible herbs, Angelica Radix, Cnidium Rhizoma and Paeonia Radix. Supplementation to the aged mice with HemoHIM restored the proliferative response and cytokine production of splenocytes with a response to ConA. Also, HemoHIM recovered the NK cell activity which had been impaired in the aged mice. Meanwhile aging is known to reduce the Th1-like function, but not the Th2-like function, resulting in a Th1/Th2 imbalance. HemoHIM restored the Th1/Th2 balance in the aged mice through enhanced IFN-γ γ γ γ γ and IgG2a production, and conversely a reduced IL-4 and IgG1 production. It was found that one factor for the Th1/Th2 imbalance in the aged mice was a lower production of IL-12p70. However, HemoHIM restored the IL-12p70 production in the aged mice. These results suggested that HemoHIM was effective for the restoration of impaired immune functions of the aged mice and therefore could be a good recommendation for immune restoration in elderly humans.

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Dysregulation between TH1 and TH2 T cell subpopulations in the elderly

Cited by 174 publications

References 24 publications

Zinc: dietary intake and impact of supplementation on immune function in elderly

Zinc: dietary intake and impact of supplementation on immune function in elderly

Aging reduces the primary humoral response and the in vitro cytokine production in mice

Restoration of the immune functions in aged mice by supplementation with a new herbal composition, HemoHIM

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