“…Recent and novel evidence suggests that the cytokine storm underlies the activation of the coagulation system which may lead to villous infarction and decidual arteriopathy with thrombosis [31]. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, serve as gene expression regulators and are involved in balancing the pro/anticoagulant and pro-/anti-inflammatory factors maintaining homeostasis [32]. The miRNAs can also reduce the viral load by degradation of viral RNA and reducing the expression of ACE2 receptors, besides mitigating the deleterious consequences of the exaggerated secretion of cytokines [33].…”
Objective. The aim of the study was to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes of the COVID-19 in Omicron and Delta wave.
Materials and Methods.In this prospective observational multicenter study, we included unvaccinated patients who were hospitalized to deliver and who gave birth while infected.
“…Recent and novel evidence suggests that the cytokine storm underlies the activation of the coagulation system which may lead to villous infarction and decidual arteriopathy with thrombosis [31]. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs, serve as gene expression regulators and are involved in balancing the pro/anticoagulant and pro-/anti-inflammatory factors maintaining homeostasis [32]. The miRNAs can also reduce the viral load by degradation of viral RNA and reducing the expression of ACE2 receptors, besides mitigating the deleterious consequences of the exaggerated secretion of cytokines [33].…”
Objective. The aim of the study was to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes of the COVID-19 in Omicron and Delta wave.
Materials and Methods.In this prospective observational multicenter study, we included unvaccinated patients who were hospitalized to deliver and who gave birth while infected.
“… 165 Increasing macrophage activation in Covid‐19 augments the migration of circulating monocytes into the inflamed tissues with the development of monocytopenia in severely affected patients. 21 , 165 , 166 …”
Section: Inflammatory Storm In Covid‐19mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…165 Increasing macrophage activation in Covid-19 augments the migration of circulating monocytes into the inflamed tissues with the development of monocytopenia in severely affected patients. 21,165,166 Taken together, the inflammatory storm is developing in Covid-19 due to the development of neutrophilia, lymphopenia, eosinopenia, and monocytopenia with subsequent dysregulation of inflammatory immune response (Figure 5).…”
Section: Inflammatory Storm In Covid-19mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Herein, circulating monocyte count reflects the state of immune response and systemic hyperinflammation 165 . Increasing macrophage activation in Covid‐19 augments the migration of circulating monocytes into the inflamed tissues with the development of monocytopenia in severely affected patients 21,165,166 …”
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to the global pandemic worldwide. Systemic complications in Covid-19 are mainly related to the direct SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effects, associated hyperinflammation, hypercytokinemia, and the development of cytokine storm (CS). As well, Covid-19 complications are developed due to the propagation of oxidative and thrombotic events which may progress to a severe state called oxidative storm and thrombotic storm (TS), respectively. In addition, inflammatory and lipid storms are also developed in Covid-19 due to the activation of inflammatory cells and the release of bioactive lipids correspondingly. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to elucidate the interrelated relationship between different storm types in Covid-19 and the development of the mixed storm (MS). In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection induces various storm types including CS, inflammatory storm, lipid storm, TS and oxidative storm. These storms are not developing alone since there is a close relationship between them. Therefore, the MS seems to be more appropriate to be related to severe Covid-19 than CS,
“…The disruption of miRNA biogenesis machinery is responsible for several human pathologies [ 39 ]. miRNA dysregulation is associated with the development of clinical complications during COVID-19 infection [ 40 ].…”
After the outbreak of the pandemic due to COVID-19 infection, several vaccines were developed on short timelines to counteract the public health crisis. To allow the administration of mRNA vaccines through a faster-paced approval process, the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) was applied. The Ba.5 (omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 is the predominant one at this moment. Its highly mutable single-stranded RNA genome, along with its high transmissivity, generated concern about the effectiveness of vaccination. The interaction between the vaccine and the host cell is finely regulated by miRNA machinery, a complex network that oversees a wide range of biological processes. The dysregulation of miRNA machinery has been associated with the development of clinical complications during COVID-19 infection and, moreover, to several human pathologies, among which is cancer disease. Now that in some areas, four doses of mRNA vaccine have been administered, it is natural to wonder about its effectiveness and long-term safety.
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