Dysmagnesemia in Hospitalized Patients: Prevalence and Prognostic Importance

Cheungpasitporn, Wisit; Thongprayoon, Charat; Qian, Qi

doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.04.023

Cited by 86 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Although etiology and manifestations of dysmagnesemia have been studied mostly in the general population, both hypo- and hypermagnesemia are common in hospitalized patients with reduced eGFR [130]. Sustained hypermagnesemia is seen mostly in patients with advanced CKD and ESRD.…”

Section: Other Electrolyte Derangementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Failure

Dhondup

Qian²

2017

Blood Purif

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150

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The kidneys play a pivotal role in the regulation of electrolyte and acid-base balance. With progressive loss of kidney function, derangements in electrolytes and acid-base inevitably occur and contribute to poor patient outcomes. As chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a worldwide epidemic, medical providers are increasingly confronted with such problems. Adequate diagnosis and treatment will minimize complications and can potentially be lifesaving. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the disease process, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment strategies, integrating up-to-date knowledge in the field. Although electrolyte and acid-base derangements are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in CKD and end-stage renal disease patients, they can be effectively managed through a timely institution of combined preventive measures and pharmacological therapy. Exciting advances and several upcoming outcome trials will provide further information to guide treatment and improve patient outcomes.

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Section: Other Electrolyte Derangementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Failure

Dhondup

Qian²

2017

Blood Purif

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150

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“…As this is the last part of the renal tubular Mg 2+ absorption and there is a steep transepithelial Mg 2+ concentration gradient, the transapical membrane potential is tightly regulated through multitudes of channels and transporter proteins, detailed in a recent review [45] . Both hypermagnesemia (>2.3 mg/dL) and hypomagnesemia (<1.7 mg/dL) are relatively common with reported prevalence of 31 and 20%, respectively, in hospitalized patients [46] . Both hypo-and hypermagnesemia adversely impact patient outcomes, including increased mortality and longer duration of hospital stay.…”

Section: Hyperkalemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders in Patients with and without Chronic Kidney Disease: An Update

Dhondup¹,

Qian²

2017

Kidney Dis

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Kidneys play a pivotal role in the maintenance and regulation of acid-base and electrolyte homeostasis, which is the prerequisite for numerous metabolic processes and organ functions in the human body. Chronic kidney diseases compromise the regulatory functions, resulting in alterations in electrolyte and acid-base balance that can be life-threatening. In this review, we discuss the renal regulations of electrolyte and acid-base balance and several common disorders including metabolic acidosis, alkalosis, dysnatremia, dyskalemia, and dysmagnesemia. Common disorders in chronic kidney disease are also discussed. The most recent and relevant advances on pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of these conditions have been incorporated.

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“…Although significant progress has been made, the quest for more details and for the remaining unknowns continues. These efforts are well justified, since understanding the underlying regulations and abnormalities will facilitate a better diagnosis, prevention, and management of nongenetic forms of dysmagnesemia which are common and can be associated with devastating consequences [2] .…”

Section: Mgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It carries out multiple and critical functions supporting cellular physiological activities. Sixty percent of the US population, however, show insufficient Mg 2+ intake [1] , and hypomagnesemia occurs in ∼ 30% of hospitalized patients [2] . The kidney is the principle organ that regulates Mg 2+ homeostasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Magnesium Disorders

Sun

Chen

et al. 2017

Kidney Dis

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Background: Magnesium (Mg²⁺), the second most abundant cation in the cell, is woven into a multitude of cellular functions. Dysmagnesemia is associated with multiple diseases and, when severe, can be life-threatening. Summary: This review discusses Mg²⁺ homeostasis and function with specific focus on renal Mg²⁺ handling. Intrarenal channels and transporters related to Mg²⁺ absorption are discussed. Unraveling the rare genetic diseases with manifestations of dysmagnesemia has greatly increased our understanding of the complex and intricate regulatory network in the kidney, specifically, functions of tight junction proteins including claudin-14, -16, -19, and -10; apical ion channels including: TRPM6, K_v1.1, and ROMK; small regulatory proteins including AC3 and ANK3; and basolateral proteins including EGF receptor, γ-subunit (FXYD2) of Na-K-ATPase, K_ir4.1, CaSR, CNNM2, and SLC41A. Although our understanding of Mg²⁺ handling of the kidney has expanded considerably in the last two decades, many questions remain. Future studies are needed to elucidate a multitude of unknown aspects of Mg²⁺ handling in the kidney. Key Message: Understanding rare and genetic diseases of Mg²⁺ dysregulation has expanded our knowledge and furthers the development of strategies for preventing and managing dysmagnesemia.

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Dysmagnesemia in Hospitalized Patients: Prevalence and Prognostic Importance

Cited by 86 publications

References 57 publications

Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Failure

Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Failure

Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders in Patients with and without Chronic Kidney Disease: An Update

Genetics of Magnesium Disorders

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