Dyslipidoses

Cutaneous and Tendon Xanthomas

“…X anthom a disseminatum is less common than the xanthom as described previously, and may be confused with eruptive xanthom as and juvenile giant cell granulomas (nevoxan thoendotheliomas) [23]. It may present a variety of clinical pictures.…”

“…Arcus cornea is not uncommon. There are incom plete forms with hypercholesterinemia as the sole m anifestation [23]. In some cases cholesterol levels can be effectively reduced by massive doses of nicotinic acid [37].…”

“…(b) Biliary cirrhosis may refer to a primary type of cirrhosis of unknown etiology [4], but a similar clinical picture may develop fol lowing various noxae, such as, obstructive jaundice (due to inflam m ation, stones or tumors), infectious hepatitis, allergic or toxic re actions, hemochromatosis, and congenital atresia of the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct systems [23]. W hatever the cause of the dis ease, there is an inflamm atory, non-specific reaction around the por tal areas which may undergo complete resolution, or progress to a chronic stage with connective tissue proliferation, resulting in irre versible damage [31].…”

“…They may be found on the neck, chest, shoulders, back, buttocks and palms. X anthom a planum of the palm ar creases is often the expression of liver disease or diabetes, although they may be present in other dyslipidoses, such as, essential familial hypercholesterinemia and idiopathic hyperlipemia [23].…”

“…He patosplenomegaly is more prevalent among children, although it is also observed in adults. Eye involvem ent refers to three signs: (1) xanthelasm a, (2) lipemia retinalis, and (3) arcus cornea [23]. Involve ment of the cardiovascular system is not uncommon, with a signifi cant incidence of myocardial infarction.…”