Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is now recognized as a risk equivalent for coronary heart disease. The lipid profile in patients with type 2 DM is characterized by elevated triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) particles and is believed to be a key factor promoting atherosclerosis in these patients. Both primary and secondary prevention studies have provided ample evidence that aggressive statin therapy reduces cardiovascular end points in patients with DM. In all persons with DM, current treatment guidelines recommend reduction of LDLC to less than 100 mg/dL, regardless of baseline lipid levels. Lowering LDLC to less than 70 mg/dL may provide even greater benefits, particularly in very high risk patients with DM and coronary heart disease.

Influence of Plasma Cholesterol on Erythrocyte Membrane Cholesterol in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects

“…The elevation of cholesterol in diabetic subjects is attributed to increased availability of acetyl coenzyme-A, the starting substrate for cholesterol synthesis in human beings, due to increased fatty acid utilization as well as fatty acid oxidation for energy purposes because of non-availability of glucose due to either deficiency of insulin or due to sub-normal functioning of insulin (1). The increased level of cholesterol in diabetic subjects may cause micro or macro vascular changes leading to an array of diabetic cardio-vascular complications (22)(23)(24)(25)(26) .The observed raise in plasma cholesterol in diabetic subjects (group-1 & group-2) as compared to normal subjects (p<0.001) as evident from the table-2 is in agreement with the earlier reports (27)(28)(29). It has been observed by many workers that the erythrocyte membrane cholesterol is elevated in diabetic population (13,30).…”

Preventive role of <i>Withania somnifera</i> on hyperlipidemia and cardiac oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats

“…Previous reports from epidemiological and clinical studies have revealed that factors other than hyperglycemia are also important contributors in patients with diabetes, such as abnormalities in lipid and protein metabolism [4,5]. Abnormalities in lipid metabolism are also seen in diabetic patients [6], nevertheless pharmacological investigations are needed in severe cases of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia [7].…”

Lipid Profile of Type 2 Diabetic Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Tanzania: Cross Sectional Study

“…Qualitative changes consists of increase of triglyceride (TG), LDL-C and HDL-C, non-enzymatic glycation of LDL and non-enzymatic glycation of high density lipoprotein (HDL) [4]. Due to the abnormalities in lipoproteins, diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide [5]. Dyslipidemia affects approximately 70% to 97% of people with diabetes [6].…”