Dyslipidaemia in African Children and Adolescents

Orimadegun, Bose Etaniamhe

doi:10.5772/intechopen.96804

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

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“…Acceptable serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations for children are <4.4 mmol/L for TC, <2.8 mmol/L for LDL, >1.2 mmol/L for HDL, <1 mmol/L for TG, <3.1 mmol/L for non-HDL and <3.7 for TC/HDL. 30 Levels of HbA1c revealed participants' average plasma glucose level over the past 8-12 weeks and were reported as a percentage of the total haemoglobin (%). Individuals with an HbA1c of 6.5% or higher are diagnosed with diabetes.…”

Section: Blood Lipid Profiles and Glycated Haemoglobinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of accelerometry-based and self-reported physical activity with cardiovascular risk in South African children

Arnaiz,

Guntlisbergen,

Infanger

et al. 2023

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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The burden of non-communicable diseases is increasing, with risk factors emerging early in life. Physical activity reduces cardiovascular risk, but limited evidence exists for children from lower-income countries and mostly relies on self-reported methods that might be inaccurate and biased. We aimed to compare self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity in relation to cardiovascular risk markers in children from underserved communities in South Africa. We analysed cross-sectional data from 594 children aged 8 to 13. Physical activity was measured via accelerometry and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Correlation analyses and linear regression models examined the relationship between accelerometer-measured and self-reported physical activity and their association with cardiovascular risk markers (body mass index, blood pressure, blood lipid profile and glycated haemoglobin). Results show a positive but weak correlation between PAQ-C scores and accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). MVPA was inversely associated with body mass index, whilst sedentary behaviour correlated positively with lipid levels. PAQ-C scores were inversely associated with systolic blood pressure. The comparison of self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity in children from Gqeberha, South Africa, revealed inconsistencies in their correlation and association with cardiovascular risk markers. Accelerometry provided a more accurate cardiovascular risk estimation than PAQ-C, although associations were weak. Further, longitudinal studies should investigate the predictive power of both methodologies. These findings inform researchers and public health practitioners in the choice of method for physical activity appraisal beyond practical considerations, especially when combined with cardiovascular risk and in lower-income settings.

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Section: Blood Lipid Profiles and Glycated Haemoglobinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of accelerometry-based and self-reported physical activity with cardiovascular risk in South African children

Arnaiz,

Guntlisbergen,

Infanger

et al. 2023

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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Burden of Dyslipidemia and Metabolic Syndrome among Indigenous Black African Secondary School Students in Lagos, Nigeria

Afolabi,

Holdbrooke

2024

Qeios

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_Introduction:_ Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of risk factors which together increase the chance of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. In MetS, especially among overweight and obese people, blood pressure and blood glucose are elevated, excess body fat accumulates abdominally, and there is dyslipidemia – notably low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and high level of triglycerides. _OBJECTIVES: _This study has three objectives: (i) determine the prevalence of dysglycemia and of dyslipidaemia among Nigerian adolescents relative to gender (boys and girls), stage of adolescence (early and late) and BMI-for-age percentile (lean and overweight/obese) (ii) to quantify the burden of lipid abnormalities (excessive Total cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol) among Nigerian adolescents, which have appeared as substantial covariates of coronary heart disease (CHD) and (iii).To evaluate the association of overweight/obesity, dysglycemia and dyslipidaemia with MetS at (≥90th percentile). _POPULATION AND METHODS: _An institution-based, cross-sectional, descriptive, epidemiological study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020. A multi-stage sampling approach was used to recruit 650 students aged 10-19 years in secondary schools within Lagos State of Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Fasting venous blood samples were collected for plasma glucose and lipid profile analysis. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured. A p-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Twenty-six questionnaires were discarded due to incomplete data. _RESULTS:_ A total of 650 adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years were included but 624 were analyzed with 26 discarded due to incomplete data. The overall means (±sd) of age was 14.7±2.2 yrs. with no significant difference between boys (14.8±2.2) yrs. and girls (14.7±2.1 yrs.). Girls were significantly heavier (t-test=-2.24, P-value=0.03) than boys (19.5±4.1 vs 18.7±4.5 kg/m2). The overall prevalence of hyperglycemia was 11.7%. The mean Systolic blood pressure (SBP) of overweight/obese subjects (113.6±11.9 mm Hg) was significantly higher (t-test=-8.81, P-value<0.00001) than that of lean subjects. Approximately 19% and 12% of the study subjects had impaired and diabetic fasting blood glucose (FBG), especially females, those in early-stage adolescence and the overweight subjects. The median lipid levels were 199.4 mg/dL for TC, 180.8 mg/dL for TG, 55.9 mg/dL for HDL and 289.6 mg/dL for LDL respectively. Only 53 (8.3%) subjects had abnormal levels of combined TC, TG, HDL, and LDL. Boys were 1.59 more likely to have dyslipidemia compared to girls (χ²=2.66, P-value=0.10, Or=1.59, 95% CI=0.92, 2.76) and overweight/obese subjects were 1.53 more likely to develop dyslipidemia compared to lean subjects (χ²=0.86, P-value=0.35, OR=1.53, 95% CI=0.62, 3.77). Overweight with dyslipidemia were significantly younger (t-test=2.54, P-value=0.04). The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was 8.3% with roughly 15%, 44%, 32% and 9% of the study subjects having 0, 1, 2 or ≥3 risk factors for MetS. _CONCLUSION: _A higher proportion of male, mid-adolescent, and overweight students had a minimum of 3 risk factors for MetS_. _This is likely to impose a high burden on future health. Preventing the increasing burden of lipid abnormalities among Nigerian adolescents is essential. The extent to which the problem might affect other areas of Nigeria needs investigation. Multivariate regression analysis shows that the overall relationship between MetS ≥90th percentile and five predictor variables – FBG, TC, TG, HDL, and BMI-for-age, was significant (P-VALUE<0.00001) and all of them contributed to the observed MetS≥90th percentile among the study subjects.

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Dyslipidaemia in African Children and Adolescents

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Association of accelerometry-based and self-reported physical activity with cardiovascular risk in South African children

Association of accelerometry-based and self-reported physical activity with cardiovascular risk in South African children

Burden of Dyslipidemia and Metabolic Syndrome among Indigenous Black African Secondary School Students in Lagos, Nigeria

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