Dysfunctional High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Coronary Artery Disease: A Narrative Review
Cristina Madaudo,
Giada Bono,
Antonella Ortello
et al.
Abstract:High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is traditionally viewed as protective against cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, emerging evidence reveals that dysfunctional HDL, characterized by impaired reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), reduced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and increased endothelial dysfunction, which can contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD). Dysfunctional HDL, resulting from oxidative modifications of Apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1) and enzyme inactivation, fails to eff… Show more
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