Dysfunctional error-related processing in female psychopathy

Maurer, J. Michael; Steele, Vaughn R.; Edwards, Bethany G.; Bernat, Edward M.; Calhoun, Vince D.; Kiehl, Kent A.

doi:10.1093/scan/nsv070

Cited by 32 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…We used a full sample of incarcerated individuals with a wide range of PCL-R scores to understand the full range of psychopathic traits and identified PCL-R Total score, Factor 1, and Facet 3 to be positively related to Pe amplitude. Only a single study used a large incarcerated sample though it was a female sample (Maurer, et al, in press ) instead of a male sample. Similar to the male sample presented here, interpersonal-affective traits of psychopathy were related to Pe amplitude, but in the opposite direction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though treating adult psychopathic individuals has proven difficult (Rice & Harris, 1997), with the current findings and the work with juvenile offenders, hope remains for future interventions in adult offenders with elevated psychopathic traits. Also, sex-related differences should be further delineated considering the recent report in female psychopathy (Maurer, et al, in press ). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, individuals who score high on externalizing have been shown to exhibit reduced positivity post-error-related-feedback amplitudes relative to low scoring individuals (Bernat, Nelson, Steele, Gehring, & Patrick, 2011). However, the only report to incorporate a large sample of incarcerated individuals assessed with the PCL-R used an adult female sample (Maurer et al, in press ). High scoring individuals exhibited reduced Pe amplitude but no ERN/Ne difference relative to low scoring individuals.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Error-related processing in adult males with elevated psychopathic traits.

Steele¹,

Maurer²,

Bernat³

et al. 2016

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

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Psychopathy is a serious personality disorder characterized by dysfunctional affective and behavioral symptoms. In incarcerated populations, elevated psychopathic traits have been linked to increased rates of violent recidivism. Cognitive processes related to error processing have been shown to differentiate individuals with high and low psychopathic traits and may contribute to poor decision making that increases the risk of recidivism. Error processing abnormalities related to psychopathy may be due to error-monitoring (error detection) or post-error processing (error evaluation). A recent ‘bottleneck’ theory predicts deficiencies in post-error processing in individuals with high psychopathic traits. In the current study, incarcerated males (n = 93) performed a Go/NoGo response inhibition task while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Classic time-domain windowed component and principal component analyses were used to measure error-monitoring (as measured with the error-related negativity [ERN/Ne]) and post-error processing (as measured with the error positivity [Pe]). Psychopathic traits were assessed using Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). PCL-R Total score, Factor 1 (interpersonal-affective traits), and Facet 3 (lifestyle traits) scores were positively related to post-error processes (i.e., increased Pe amplitude) but unrelated to error-monitoring processes (i.e., ERN/Ne). These results support the attentional bottleneck theory and further describe deficiencies related to elevated psychopathic traits that could be beneficial for new treatment strategies for psychopathy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Error-related processing in adult males with elevated psychopathic traits.

Steele¹,

Maurer²,

Bernat³

et al. 2016

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

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“…Many studies examining neural and physiological correlates of psychopathy have reported unique effects specific to each of the two overarching factors (e.g. Anderson et al 2015; Iria & Barbosa, 2009; Juárez, Kiehl, & Calhoun, 2013; Maurer et al 2015; Patrick et al, 1993; Philippi et al, 2015; Steele et al 2016; Wolf et al, 2015). Thus, we examine effects related to PCL-R Total score as well as effects corresponding to the two-factor model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating emotional processing and attention in psychopathy with functional neuroimaging

Anderson

Steele

Maurer

et al. 2017

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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Psychopathic individuals are often characterized by emotional processing deficits, and recent research has examined the specific contexts and cognitive mechanisms that underlie these abnormalities. Some evidence suggests that abnormal features of attention are fundamental to psychopaths’ emotional deficits, but few studies have demonstrated the neural underpinnings responsible for such effects. Here, we use functional neuroimaging to examine attention-emotion interactions among incarcerated individuals (n=120) evaluated for psychopathic traits using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R). Using a task designed to manipulate attention to emotional features of visual stimuli, we demonstrate effects representing implicit emotional processing, explicit emotional processing, attention-facilitated emotional processing, and vigilance for emotional content. Results confirm the importance of considering mechanisms of attention when evaluating emotional processing differences related to psychopathic traits. The affective-interpersonal features of psychopathy (PCL-R Factor 1) were associated with relatively lower emotion-dependent augmentation of activity in visual processing areas during implicit emotional processing while antisocial-lifestyle features (PCL-R Factor 2) were associated with elevated activity in the amygdala and related salience-network regions. During explicit emotional processing psychopathic traits were associated with upregulation in the medial prefrontal cortex, insula, and superior frontal regions. Isolating the impact of explicit attention to emotional content, only Factor 1 was related to upregulation of activity in the visual processing stream, which was accompanied by increased activity in the angular gyrus. These effects highlight some important mechanisms underlying abnormal features of attention and emotional processing that accompany psychopathic traits.

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“…In contrast to stimulus-locked brain measures, response-locked events, such as error-related brain activity, are relatively stable with far fewer trial averages (Maurer et al, in press ; Meyer et al, 2013; Olvet and Hajcak, 2009; Pontifex et al, 2010; Rietdijk et al, 2014). Error processing is often assessed with ERPs and fMRI during a response inhibition task (e.g., Go/NoGo, Stroop, Stop-Signal, Flanker, Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, and Task-Switching), or any variety of speeded, continuous performance tasks likely to produce erroneous responses (for review, see (Niendam et al, 2012).…”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Neuroimaging measures of error-processing: Extracting reliable signals from event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2016

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Error-related brain activity has become an increasingly important focus of cognitive neuroscience research utilizing both event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Given the significant time and resources required to collect these data, it is important for researchers to plan their experiments such that stable estimates of error-related processes can be achieved efficiently. Reliability of error-related brain measures will vary as a function of the number of error trials and the number of participants included in the averages. Unfortunately, systematic investigations of the number of events and participants required to achieve stability in error-related processing are sparse, and none have addressed variability in sample size. Our goal here is to provide data compiled from a large sample of healthy participants (n = 180) performing a Go/NoGo task, resampled iteratively to demonstrate the relative stability of measures of error-related brain activity given a range of sample sizes and event numbers included in the averages. We examine ERP measures of error-related negativity (ERN/Ne) and error positivity (Pe), as well as event-related fMRI measures locked to false alarms. We find that achieving stable estimates of ERP measures required four to six error trials and approximately 30 participants; fMRI measures required six to eight trials and approximately 40 participants. Fewer trials and participants were required for measures where additional data reduction techniques (i.e., principal component analysis and independent component analysis) were implemented. Ranges of reliability statistics for various sample sizes and numbers of trials are provided. We intend this to be a useful resource for those planning or evaluating ERP or fMRI investigations with tasks designed to measure error-processing.

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Dysfunctional error-related processing in female psychopathy

Cited by 32 publications

References 71 publications

Error-related processing in adult males with elevated psychopathic traits.

Error-related processing in adult males with elevated psychopathic traits.

Differentiating emotional processing and attention in psychopathy with functional neuroimaging

Neuroimaging measures of error-processing: Extracting reliable signals from event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging

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