Dysfunction by Disclosure? Stereotype Threat as a Source of Secondary Neurocognitive Malperformance in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Moritz, Steffen; Spirandelli, Karla; Happach, Insa; Lion, Despina; Berna, Fabrice

doi:10.1017/s1355617718000097

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Second, other contextual factors or mediators need to be examined for their role in functioning. For example, it was recently found that stereotype threat may also lead to secondary impairment [48]. In AUD, motor impairment (e.g., ataxia) may also play a role in timed tests with a strong motor component (e.g., the TMTs).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive Functioning in Alcohol Use Disorder: Cognitive Test Results Do not Tell the Whole Story

et al. 2018

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Objectives: It is textbook knowledge that individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) show large neurocognitive deficits. However, these patients display a number of additional impairments (e.g., lack of drive and motivation) that may contribute to poor test results. The impact of these secondary mediators has not been explored systematically. Based on prior findings that low performance motivation, a negative attitude toward cognitive assessment, and momentary symptoms compromise neuropsychological test results in depression, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, we examined the possibility that impaired test results in AUD partially represent an epiphenomenon. Methods: Fifteen patients with AUD and 20 matched nonclinical individuals underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. The neurocognitive assessment was flanked by the Momentary Influences, Attitudes and Motivation Impact on Cognitive Performance Scale (MIAMI), which captures momentary influences affecting performance. Results: Patients with AUD performed worse than nonclinical controls on most test parameters. Group differences achieved a very large effect size for parameters tapping speed and accuracy. Patients with AUD showed deviant scores, particularly on the post version of the MIAMI (retrospective assessment of symptoms and influences during testing) and the total scores. For accuracy, the MIAMI scores represented a partial mediator. For speed, significant group effect sizes were rendered nonsignificant when the MIAMI was taken into account. Conclusion: Like other psychiatric patients, patients with AUD show marked neurocognitive impairments that seem to be aggravated by, for example, distraction and lack of effort. This tentatively suggests that performance only partly reflects cortical impairments in areas hosting neurocognitive faculties. Contextual factors deserve greater attention in patients with addiction. The cross-sectional design of our study limits conclusions relating to causality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive Functioning in Alcohol Use Disorder: Cognitive Test Results Do not Tell the Whole Story

et al. 2018

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“…A recent study also suggested that OCD patients may perform worse due stereotype threat. This suggests that internalized negative beliefs about performing worse due to their disorder may actually lead to worse task performance by itself (Moritz, Spirandelli, Happach, Lion, & Berna, 2018). Neuroimaging studies provide some support for the "executive overload model", as worse task performance has been related to more state distress and amygdala activation during planning in both OCD, panic disorder, and hypochondriasis (O.…”

Section: Emotions Cognition and Their Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bergen 4-Day Treatment on Resting-State Graph Features in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Thorsen

Vriend

Wit

et al. 2021

Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging

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It takes a village to raise a child and even more to raise a scientist, and this thesis would not be possible without years of work by my supervisors. I wish to thank Gerd Kvale and Bjarne Hansen for bothering to answer an email from me, a naïve psychology student, in November 2013. I had just received an offer to revise and resubmit my first article by a slightly confused editor who probably didn't understand what to do with a review paper written by a student with no supervisor. Gerd and Bjarne decided to give me a chance to work as a research assistant, which became the first building block of my PhD and our first paper together (Thorsen, van den Heuvel, Hansen, & Kvale, 2015). I wish to thank Bjarne and Gerd for showing how to combine being a caring person, clinician, and scientist. In addition, I thank them for trusting eager new students with important work and for guiding both patients and students to help them prosper. I wish to thank Odile van den Heuvel for her kind, intensive, generous, and enlightening guidance on how to combine living a good life and doing science. I remember travelling to Amsterdam for the first time in June 2014, then an eager and anxious 23-year old. However, my anxiety was soon lifted by Odile, the members of her research group, and her lovely family. I especially wish to thank her for her utmost generosity in inviting to me to live with her and her family for many of my visits to Amsterdam. Words cannot express my gratitude to my supervisors, and I look forward to working and spending time together in the future. I wish to thank my family and friends which make both life and work meaningful. I especially wish to thank Stella J. de Wit for guidance, discussions, and lots of fun throughout my PhD. I also thank her for inviting me to get to know her dear family. My visits to Weesp are very dear to me,

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“…Future harmonization studies aiming to elucidate these sources of noise should be conducted to establish the role of motivation, attention, stigma, and evaluators' expertise in the data, among other factors related to the subjects' understanding of the instructions. Particularly, the stereotype threat has been indicated to alter neurocognitive performance (Moritz et al, 2018), and it also should be taken into account during the evaluation, especially in clinical trials and comparing psychiatric populations with healthy participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-national harmonization of neurocognitive assessment across five sites in a global study.

Batistuzzo¹,

Shunmugavelu

Alschuler³

et al. 2023

Neuropsychology

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Objective: Cross-national work on neurocognitive testing has been characterized by inconsistent findings, suggesting the need for improved harmonization. Here, we describe a prospective harmonization approach in an ongoing global collaborative study. Method: Visuospatial N-Back, Tower of London (ToL), Stop Signal task (SST), Risk Aversion (RA), and Intertemporal Choice (ITC) tasks were administered to 221 individuals from Brazil, India, the Netherlands, South Africa, and the USA. Prospective harmonization methods were employed to ensure procedural similarity of task implementation and processing of derived task measures across sites. Generalized linear models tested for between-site differences controlling for sex, age, education, and socioeconomic status (SES). Associations with these covariates were also examined and tested for differences by site with site-by-covariate interactions. Results: The Netherlands site performed more accurately on N-Back and ToL than the other sites, except for the USA site on the N-Back. The Netherlands and the USA sites performed faster than the other three sites during the go events in the SST. Finally, the Netherlands site also exhibited a higher tolerance for delay discounting than other sites on the ITC, and the India site showed more risk aversion than other sites on the RA task. However, effect size differences across sites on the five tasks were generally small (i.e., partial eta-squared < 0.05) after dropping the Netherlands (on ToL, N-Back, ITC, and SST tasks) and India (on the RA task). Across tasks, regardless of site, the N-Back (sex, age, education, and SES), ToL (sex, age, and SES), SST (age), and ITC (SES) showed associations with covariates. Conclusions: Four out of the five sites showed only small between-site differences for each task. Nevertheless, despite our extensive prospective harmonization steps, task score performance deviated from the other sites in the Netherlands site (on four tasks) and the India site (on one task). Because the procedural methods were standardized across sites, and our analyses were adjusted for covariates, the differences found in cognitive performance may indicate selection sampling bias due to unmeasured confounders. Future studies should follow similar cross-site prospective harmonization procedures when assessing neurocognition and consider measuring other possible confounding variables for additional statistical control.

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Dysfunction by Disclosure? Stereotype Threat as a Source of Secondary Neurocognitive Malperformance in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Cited by 13 publications

References 74 publications

Neurocognitive Functioning in Alcohol Use Disorder: Cognitive Test Results Do not Tell the Whole Story

Neurocognitive Functioning in Alcohol Use Disorder: Cognitive Test Results Do not Tell the Whole Story

Effects of Bergen 4-Day Treatment on Resting-State Graph Features in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Cross-national harmonization of neurocognitive assessment across five sites in a global study.

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