Dysentery in gnotobiotic calves caused by atypical Escherichia coli

Chanter, N.; Morgan, J. H.; Bridger, Janice C.; Hall, G.A.; Reynolds, D. John

doi:10.1136/vr.114.3.71

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…VTEC of serogroups 0111 and 05 have been associated with naturally occurring outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis in calves (27,63 (82) are similar to those of Pai and colleagues (144), except that the latter observed that the epithelium of the small intestine was spared the changes despite a high concentration of VT in the small bowel, whereas Keenan et al (82) observed the changes in the mucosa of small bowel loops. Possible explanations for these discrepancies have been discussed in detail by Riley (157).…”

Section: Colonization and Multiplicationsupporting

confidence: 55%

Infection by verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli

1989

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Verocytotoxin (VT)-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) are a newly recognized group of enteric pathogens which are increasingly being recognized as common causes of diarrhea in some geographic settings. Outbreak studies indicate that most patients with VTEC infection develop mild uncomplicated diarrhea. However, a significant risk of two serious and potentially life-threatening complications, hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome, makes VTEC infection a public health problem of serious concern. The main reservoirs of VTEC appear to be the intestinal tracts of animals, and foods of animal (especially bovine) origin are probably the principal sources for human infection. The term VT refers to a family of subunit exotoxins with high biological activity. Individual VTEC strains elaborate one or both of at least two serologically distinct, bacteriophage-mediated VTs (VT1 and VT2) which are closely related to Shiga toxin and are thus also referred to as Shiga-like toxins. The holotoxins bind to cells, via their B subunits, to a specific receptor which is probably the glycolipid, globotriosyl ceramide (Gb3). Binding is followed by internalization of the A subunit, which, after it is proteolytically nicked and reduced to the A1 fragment, inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells by inactivating 60S ribosomal subunits through selective structural modification of 28S ribosomal ribonucleic acid. The mechanism of VTEC diarrhea is still controversial, and the relative roles of locally acting VT and "attaching and effacing adherence" of VTEC to the mucosa have yet to be resolved. There is increasing evidence that hemolytic uremic syndrome and possibly hemorrhagic colitis result from the systemic action of VT on vascular endothelial cells. The role of antitoxic immunity in preventing the systemic complications of VTEC infection is being explored. Antibiotics appear to be contraindicated in the treatment of VTEC infection. The most common VTEC serotype associated with human disease is O157:H7, but over 50 different VT-positive O:H serotypes have now been identified. The best strategies for diagnosing human VTEC infection include testing for the presence of free VT in fecal filtrates and examining fecal cultures for VTEC by means of deoxyribonucleic acid probes that specify genes encoding VT1 and VT2. Both methods are currently confined to specialized laboratories and await commercial development for wider use. In the meantime, most laboratories should continue to screen for the most common human VTEC serotype, O157:H7, using a sorbitol-containing MacConkey medium.

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Section: Colonization and Multiplicationsupporting

confidence: 55%

Infection by verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli

1989

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“…In one outbreak only, VTEC was isolated from 57 % of the animals, and this could indicate an association to diarrhoea in that instance. The pathogenicity of VTEC in ruminants has not been elucidated although they have been isolated from calves with haemorrhagic colitis [29]. This group of pathogenic E. coli is known to cause haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans.…”

Section: Clinical Characteristics Of the Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of enteric pathogens in the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids in Spain

et al. 1996

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SUMMARYFaeces samples from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids aged 1-45 days were examined for enteric pathogens. Cryptosporidium parvum was detected in both diarrhoeic lambs (45 %) and goat kids (42%) but not in non-diarrhoeic animals. F5+ (K99+) and/or F41+ Escherichia coli strains were isolated from 26% and 22 % of the diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids, respectively, although these strains, which did not produce enterotoxins ST I or LT I, were found with similar frequencies in non-diarrhoeic animals. A F5-F41 -ST I' E. coli strain was isolated from a diarrhoeic lamb (0-6%). Verotoxigenic E. coli was isolated from both diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic lambs (4-1 % and 8&2 %, respectively) and there was no association between infection and diarrhoea. The prevalence of group A rotavirus infection in diarrhoeic lambs was very low (2 1 %). Groups A and B rotaviruses were detected in three (8-1 %) and five (13-5 %) diarrhoeic goat kids from two single outbreaks. Group C rotaviruses were detected in four non-diarrhoeic goat kids. An association of diarrhoea and infection was demonstrated only for group B rotavirus. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from 10-8 % of the diarrhoeic goat kids but not from non-diarrhoeic goat kids or lambs. Salmonella arizonae was isolated from a diarrhoeic goat kid (2-7 %) and the clinical characteristics of the outbreaks where these two latter enteropathogens were found different from the rest. Picobirnaviruses were detected in a diarrhoeic lamb. No coronaviruses were detected using a bovine coronavirus ELISA. No evidence was found of synergistic effect between the agents studied. Enteric pathogens were not found in four (8-7 %) and three (20%) outbreaks of diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids, respectively.

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“…This lesion is associated with the accumulation of polymerised actin ®laments underneath the adhering bacteria, leading to the formation of a pedestal-like structure (Finlay et al, 1992;Knutton, 1994). AEEC strains have been implicated in diarrhoea and dysentery in human and animals including 2±8-week-old calves (Chanter et al, 1984;Hall et al, 1985;Donnenberg and Kaper, 1992;Mainil et al, 1993;China et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organisation and in vitro expression of esp genes of the LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement) of bovine enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

Goffaux

China

Mainil

2001

Veterinary Microbiology

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Enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) Escherichia coli infections are characterised by the formation of attaching and effacing (AE) lesions on intestinal epithelial cells. Secretion of extracellular proteins (EspA, EspB, and EspD) via a type III secretion apparatus is necessary for the formation of the AE lesions by human EPEC. In this study, we show that bovine EPEC and EHEC are also able to secrete polypeptides homologous to the already described Esp proteins, most probably via a type III secretion system. Bovine EPEC and EHEC strains present two different secretion pro®les of Esp proteins which correlate to the pathotypes of the esp genes as determined by PCR. We also demonstrate that genes encoding secreted proteins, present in the LEE of two bovine strains, are organised in the same way as in the human EPEC strain E2348/69. #

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Dysentery in gnotobiotic calves caused by atypical Escherichia coli

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Infection by verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli

Infection by verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli

Role of enteric pathogens in the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids in Spain

Organisation and in vitro expression of esp genes of the LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement) of bovine enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

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