Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiome is associated with Tumor Biomarkers in Lung Cancer

Abstract

Lung cancer is a malignancy with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. More evidences indicated that gut microbiome plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of cancers by metabolism, inflammation and immune response. However, the study about the characterizations of gut microbiome in lung cancer is limited. In this study, the fecal samples were collected from 16 healthy individuals and 30 lung cancer patients who were divided into 3 groups based on different tumor biomarkers (cytokeratin 19 fragment, neuron specific enolase and carcinoembryonic antigen, respectively) and were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Each lung cancer group has characterized gut microbial community and presents an elimination, low-density, and loss of bacterial diversity microbial ecosystem compared to that of the healthy control. The microbiome structures in family and genera levels are more complex and significantly varied from each group presenting more different and special pathogen microbiome such as Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus, Prevotella, etc and fewer probiotic genera including Blautia, Coprococcus, Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and COG annotation demonstrated decreased abundance of some dominant metabolism-related pathways in the lung cancer. This study explores for the first time the features of gut microbiome in lung cancer patients and may provide new insight into the pathogenesis of lung cancer system, with the implication that gut microbiota may serve as a microbial marker and contribute to the derived metabolites, development and differentiation in lung cancer system.

Gut microbiota influence tumor development and Alter interactions with the human immune system

“…In addition, patients with non-small-cell lung cancer experience gut butyrate-producing bacterial dysbiosis [ 109 ]. A significant relationship has also been found between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer [ 43 , 44 ]. A possible reason is that persistent tuberculosis infection can cause the production of tumor necrosis factor and cause lung inflammation.…”

Gut Microbiome Alterations in Patients With Thyroid Nodules

“…Overall, microbial composition was associated with the presence of thyroid nodules and the TI-RADS level. By contrast, Zhang and colleagues (Zhang et al, 2019) reported increased species richness in TN and dramatic alterations in the overall microbial structure based on 16s rRNA gene sequencing and operational taxonomic units (OTU) profiling. In their study, TI-RADS or other thyroid nodule assessments were not available, making it difficult to compare these differing findings based on different sequencing methods.…”

“…The importance of the gut microbiome on human health has been evident for more than a decade, however, our understanding of its role in thyroid functions and common conditions such as thyroid nodules are still very limited. A recent study showed gut microbial dysbiosis in 18 patients with TN and an association between the microbiome and thyroid function (Zhang et al, 2019). However, the significance of these findings was restricted by the small number of patients studied and the insufficient resolution based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing (McLaren et al, 2019).…”

Phages and Their Role in Gastrointestinal Disease: Focus on Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…If the composition of the intestinal microbiome undergoes massive qualitative and quantitative changes and the balance is impaired, then a dysbiotic state occurs. Dysbiosis has a negative influence on the health of a person, as it is associated with many even seemingly unrelated diseases including liver disease [11], neurobehavioral dysfunction in non-alcoholic steatosis [12], lung cancer [13], or obstructive sleep apnea [14]. Furthermore, dysbiosis may provoke the development or exacerbate the course of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis [15], systemic lupus erythematosus [16], or IBD [17].…”