Dysbiosis and predicted function of dental and ruminal microbiome associated with bovine periodontitis

Abstract

Extensive cattle livestock is advancing in Amazonia and its low productivity, with consequent pressure to open new areas, is partly due to sanitary problems and, among them, the periodontal diseases, whose environmental triggers or modifying factors are unknown. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing, network analysis and predicted functions to investigate the dental and ruminal microbiota of cattle raised in new livestock areas in the Amazon and identify possible keystone pathogens and proteins associated with the disease. Ninety-three genera were common in dental and ruminal fluid microbiomes and among them periodontal pathogens such as Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas and Actinomyces were recognized. Network analysis showed that dental microbiomes of clinically healthy animals tend to comprise a group of OTUs in homeostasis and when analyzed together, dental and ruminal fluid microbiomes of animals with periodontitis had almost twice the number of negative edges, indicating possible competition between bacteria and dysbiosis. The incisor dental and ruminal fluid microbiomes were dominated by a core community composed of members of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Network results showed that members of the Prevotella genus stood out among the top five OTUs, with the largest number of hubs in the dental and ruminal microbiota of animals with periodontitis. Protein families linked to an inflammatory environment were predicted in the dental and ruminal microbiota of cattle with periodontitis. The dissimilarity between dental microbiomes, discriminating between healthy cattle and those with periodontitis and the identification of possible key pathogens, represent an important reference to elucidate the triggers involved in the etiopathogenesis of bovine periodontitis, and possibly in the development of measures to control the disease and reduce the pressures for deforestation.

Fusobacterium necrophorum predominates in the microbiota of mandibular dental abscess in Blastocerus dichotomus

“…In the present study, the Gram-negative genera Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and Porphyromonas were the most abundant in the microbiota of deer abscesses. These genera have also been identified in great abundance in the oral microbiota of kangaroos with progressive periodontal disease (Yip et al 2021) and in domestic ruminants such as cattle, sheep and goats with periodontitis (Borsanelli et al 2018(Borsanelli et al , 2021(Borsanelli et al , 2022b(Borsanelli et al , 2022c. Some members of Fusobacterium genus can connect with different microorganisms, acting as a bridge between early colonizers and the latter periodontopathogens, including anaerobic Gram-negative like Bacteroides and Porphyromonas (Li et al 2015).…”

“…Black-pigmented anaerobes belonging to Porphyromonas genus represent the most prevalent microorganisms in the microbiota of cattle, sheep, and goats with periodontitis and are associated with the disease in these animals (Borsanelli et al 2021(Borsanelli et al , 2022b(Borsanelli et al , 2022c. These microorganisms can express potent virulence factors and interfere with the host's innate immune response (Haffajee & Socransky 1994).…”

“…The richness and diversity of the dental microbiome of ruminants in health and diseased phenotypes (Borsanelli et al 2018(Borsanelli et al , 2021(Borsanelli et al , 2022b(Borsanelli et al , 2022c suggest a robust source of possibilities and risks in orofacial infections. Of this predominantly strict anaerobic microbiota, there are several opportunistic bacteria with invasive capacity, including aerobic or facultative microorganisms detected when using only conventional-bacterial culture (Benito-Peña et al 2010, Amorim et al 2011, Rasooli et al 2018.…”

The Oral Microbiome across Oral Sites in Cats with Chronic Gingivostomatitis, Periodontal Disease, and Tooth Resorption Compared with Healthy Cats

“…The first isolation and characterization of F. flocculi occurred from sampling methanogenic granular sludge, and revealed that coculturing with hydrogenotrophic methanogens enhanced its growth [61]. In the dental and rumen microbiomes of cattle with periodontitis [62], network analyses have pointed to Flexilinea as being highly connected to other bacteria in the network. The authors hypothesized that cattle with periodontitis may produce more methane than healthy animals.…”

Periodontitis Disease in Farmed Ruminants—Current State of Research

“…The rumen in healthy animals is dominated by Bacteroidetes (Christensenellaceae and Prevotellaceae) and Firmicutes (Erysipelotrichaceae). In diseased animals, Bacteroidetes (Prevotella and the Ricknellaceae) and Firmicutes (Erysipelotrichaceae) predominate [66].…”