“…These alterations include mutations in JAK2 , NRAS and KRAS , mutations or overexpression of CRLF2, and trisomy 21 (Figure 1). While the specific genes on Hsa21 that participate in B-ALL have been unclear, recent studies implicate HMGN1 (35), and DYRK1A (36). Several other genetic events have been found in DS-ALL, including IKZF1 deletion (37, 38), PAX5 deletion (39, 40), ETV6-IGH rearrangement (41), and histone gene deletions (42).…”