The underlying hypothalamic neurocircuitry by which metabolism and feeding regulates reproductive function has been well-studied in the rodent; however, recent data demonstrated significant neuroanatomical differences in the human brain. The current study had three objectives, centered on arcuate nucleus neuropeptides regulating feeding and reproduction: 1) characterize coexpression patterns in the female nonhuman primate, 2) establish whether these neuronal populations make potential contacts with GnRH neurons and 3) determine whether these contacts differ between the low and high GnRH-releasing states of pre-puberty and adulthood, respectively. Female nonhuman primates have several coexpression patterns of hypothalamic neuropeptides that differ from those reported in rodents. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is not coexpressed with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) but instead with neuropeptide Y (NPY). CART is also expressed in a subpopulation of kisspeptin cells in the nonhuman primate, similar to observations in humans but diverging from findings in rodents. Very few GnRH-expressing neurons received close appositions from double-labeled kisspeptin/CART fibers; however, both single-labeled kisspeptin and CART fibers were in frequent apposition with GnRH neurons with no differences between prepubertal and adult animals. NPY/AgRP coexpressing fibers contacted significantly more GnRH neurons in prepubertal animals than adults, consistent with increased NPY and AgRP mRNA observed in prepubertal animals. The current findings detail significant differences in arcuate nucleus neuropeptide coexpression in the monkey compared to the rodent and are consistent with the hypothesis that arcuate nucleus NPY/AgRP neurons play an inhibitory role in controlling GnRH neuronal regulation in the prepubertal primate.