Dynamin-Like Proteins of Endocytosis in Plants Are Coopted by Potyviruses To Enhance Virus Infection

Abstract

It is well known that animal viruses enter host cells via endocytosis, whereas plant viruses require physical assistance, such as human and insect activities, to penetrate the host cell to establish their infection. In this study, we report that the endocytosis pathway is also involved in virus infection in plants. We show that plant potyviruses recruit endocytosis dynamin-like proteins to support their infection. Depletion of them by knockout of the corresponding genes suppresses virus replication, whereas overexpression of them enhances virus replication and intercellular movement. We also demonstrate that the dynamin-like proteins interact with several viral proteins that are essential for virus replication and cell-to-cell movement. We further show that treatment of a dynamin-specific inhibitor disrupts endocytosis and inhibits virus replication and intercellular movement. Therefore, the dynamin-like proteins are novel host factors of potyviruses. The corresponding genes may be manipulated using advanced biotechnology to control potyviral diseases.

A plant RNA virus hijacks endocytic proteins to establish its infection in plants

“…Upon translation, the two polyproteins are processed by three viral proteases into 11 mature proteins including P1, helper component proteinase (HC-Pro), P3, P3N-pretty interesting Potyviridae ORF (P3N-PIPO), 6K1, cylindrical inclusion (CI) protein, 6K2, viral genome-linked protein (VPg), nuclear inclusion a proteinase (NIa-Pro), nuclear inclusion b (NIb), and capsid protein (CP). Recently, we have reported that potyviruses recruit DRP2 to support their infection (Wu et al, 2018). In this study, we further demonstrate that DRP1-dependent endocytosis is also essential in TuMV infection.…”

“…It is well known that animal viruses invade the host cell through the endocytic pathway and intercept endosomes for intracellular movement to target the site suitable for virus replication (Staring et al, 2018). Despite the fact that plant viruses employ endocytosis-independent approaches to pass through the cellular PM to initiate their infection, emerging evidence suggests that the endocytic pathway is also involvement in plant virus infection (Haupt et al, 2005;Barajas et al, 2009Barajas et al, , 2014Lewis and Lazarowitz, 2010;Carluccio et al, 2014;Diaz et al, 2015;Huang et al, 2015;Xu and Nagy, 2016;Cabanillas et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2018). In a recent study, we identified an endocytosis dynamin-like protein associated with SMV particles in soybean using a proteomic approach and demonstrated that this DRP is required for SMV infection in soybean and AtDRP2, a homolog of the soybean DRP in Arabidopsis and DRP2dependent endocytosis are essential for TuMV infection (Wu et al, 2018).…”

“…Recently, we have identified endocytosis DRPs that are associated with potyviruses using a proteomics approach and discovered that potyviruses recruit AtDRP2 to enhance virus infection (Wu et al, 2018). The finding that DRP1 and DRP2 participate together in endocytic CCV formation (Fujimoto et al, 2010) prompted us to examine if AtDRP1 is also important for potyvirus infection.…”

“…Two lines AtDRP1Aoe#1 and AtDRP1Aoe#4 that expressed relatively higher levels of the fusion proteins were selected for further analysis. Two AtDRP2 overexpression Arabidopsis lines AtDRP2Boe#3 and AtDRP1Aoe#10, which were generated in a recent study (Wu et al, 2018), were also included for an infection assay. Wild-type Col-0, and AtDRP1Aoe or AtDRP2Boe Arabidopsis plants were mechanically inoculated using N. benthamiana tissues infected by a pCambiaTuMV::GFP infectious clone (TuMV/GFP) as an inoculum (Li et al, 2018).…”

“…For example, animal viruses take advantage of the endocytic pathway to enter host cells, whereas plants viruses penetrate into cells through an endocytosis-independent manner, such as mechanical inoculation or insect-mediated injection. After entry into the host cell, plant viruses may hijack the endocytosis machinery to assist in their infection (Haupt et al, 2005;Barajas et al, 2009Barajas et al, , 2014Lewis and Lazarowitz, 2010;Carluccio et al, 2014;Diaz et al, 2015;Huang et al, 2015;Xu and Nagy, 2016;Cabanillas et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2018).…”