Dynamics of Tuberculosis (TB) with Drug Resistance to First-Line Treatment and Leaky Vaccination: A Deterministic Modelling Perspective

Abstract

A deterministic model was formulated and employed in the analysis of the dynamics of tuberculosis with a keen emphasis on vaccination and drug resistance as the first line of treatment. It was assumed that some of the susceptible population were vaccinated but with temporal immunity. This is due to the fact that vaccines do not confer permanent immunity. Moreover, part of the infected individual after treatment grows resistance to the drug. Infective immigrants were also considered to be part of the population. The basic reproductive number for the model is estimated using the next-generation matrix method. The equilibrium points of the TB model and their local and global stability were determined. It was established that if the basic reproductive number was less than unity R 0 < 1 , then the disease free equilibrium is stable and unstable if R 0 > 1 . Furthermore, we investigated the optimal prevention, treatment, and vaccination as control measures for the disease. As the objective functional was optimised, there have been a significant reduction in the number of infections and an increase in the number of recovery. The best control measure in combating tuberculosis infections is prevention and vaccination of the susceptible population.

Ubiquitous-cloud-inspired deterministic and stochastic service provider models with mixed-integer-programming

“…The maximum number of sub-services allowed by the gusset capacity is determined by the constraint function in (7).…”

“…The deterministic model is a mathematical model that allows for reasonably accurate measurement of symptoms. Examples of deterministic model research are deterministic model studies to predict flooding [6], analysis understanding the dynamics of tuberculosis with a focus on first-line treatments such as vaccination and drug resistance [7], deterministic models for the dynamics of Q Fever transmission in dairy cattle using sensitivity analysis and Int J Artif Intell ISSN: 2252-8938  Ubiquitous-cloud-inspired deterministic and stochastic service provider models with … (Sumarlin) 1305 optimal control Yosua [8], a deterministic model for country inventory policies for vaccine procurement [9], and a deterministic model for composable reactive systems [10].…”

Modeling the Transmission Routes of Hepatitis E Virus as a Zoonotic Disease Using Fractional-Order Derivative

“…This indicates that all R 3 + solutions are drawn to the area. The proposed model ( 1) is therefore biologically accurate because the region is positively invariant [34][35][36] for the model. Similarly, the approach can be used to prove pig populations and contaminant environments.…”