Dynamics of Tree Species Diversity in Unlogged and Selectively Logged Malaysian Forests

Shima, Ken; Yamada, Toshihiro; Okuda, Toshinori; Fletcher, Christine; Kassim, Abdul Rahman

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19250-z

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Notwithstanding, regrowth forests being useful in conservation of woody species, they do not, however, harbour the full suite of species found in old-growth-forests, particularly the dispersal limited late-successional species. Furthermore, old-growth forests tend to contain relatively more rare species as found in this and previous studies (Brunialti et al 2010;Ngo and Hölscher 2014;Shima et al 2018). The structural heterogeneity of old-growth forests, which is manifested by high tree height and diameter class variations and higher number of strata, provides niches for various species (McElhinny et al 2005;Gao et al 2014).…”

Section: Floristic Diversity and Compositionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Recovery of floristic diversity, composition and structure of regrowth forests on fallow lands: implications for conservation and restoration of degraded forest lands in Laos

et al. 2019

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In Laos, there are extensive shifting cultivation areas and regrowth forests spontaneously established on fallow lands. The aims of the study were to conduct a comparative study of old-growth and regrowth forests in terms of structure, woody species diversity and composition as well as to investigate the potential role of regrowth forests in the conservation and restoration of degraded forest lands in Laos and the tropics in general. Systematic plot sampling was used to survey the floristic diversity, species composition and structure of oldgrowth and regrowth forests. Concentric circular plots with an area of 200 m 2 and 500 m 2 were laid on line transects. A total of 24 plots were sampled from two sites. In comparison to regrowth forests, old-growth forests had higher structural heterogeneity because of higher canopy height variations, vertical stratification, and tree sizes and their variations. Species richness and diversity indices values were similar, but abundance and species composition were significantly different between old-growth and regrowth forests. It appears that species richness recovers first followed by forest structure and species composition. Regrowth forests are important for in situ conservation of tropical biodiversity and they can also serve as a conduit for the restoration of degraded lands and forests. Regrowth forests provide habitats, serve as buffer zones around the fragmented old-growth forests, function as source of propagules, and enhance landscape connectivity. Utilization of regrowth forests for restoration purposes is comparatively inexpensive. Regrowth forests should be given the due considerations in the national forest conservation and restoration policy of Laos.

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Section: Floristic Diversity and Compositionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Recovery of floristic diversity, composition and structure of regrowth forests on fallow lands: implications for conservation and restoration of degraded forest lands in Laos

et al. 2019

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“…Mohammadi et al (2008) and Awasthi et al (2015) also found a decrease in the species diversity where Shelterwood Silvicultural System was practiced in the natural forest stands, similar to the results obtained. The species composition and diversity are related to the intensity of logging and type of management practices (de Avila et al 2015), which means the higher the harvesting intensity the lower the species diversity in SciFM practices (Shima et al 2018;Awasthi et al 2020). Halpern and Spies (1995) also found other management activities (fertilization, herbicide application, grazing) could affect the species composition of vegetation in addition to the initial effect of logging and site preparation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Productivity and Profitability through Scientific Forest Management in Sal (Shorea robusta) Forest of Nepal: A Case Study from Patela Community Forest, Kailali District, Nepal

Gotame

Bahadur

Awasthi

2020

Forestry: J. Inst. Fores. Nep.

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Scientific forest management (SciFM) ensures improved productivity and healthy forests that are crucial for the economic development and prosperity of forest-dependent country like Nepal. This study analyzes the effects of the silvicultural intervention on the regeneration of Sal (Shorea robusta), plant species diversity, and income through the flow of forest products in the Patela Community Forest in Kailali District of Nepal, where Sal (S. robusta) forest has been managed under an Irregular Shelterwood System with 80 years of the rotation period since fiscal year 2017/18. The vegetation sampling was done by the quadrat method based on the principle of stratified random sampling from the managed and unmanaged parts of the forest. The climate based site productivity was analyzed. The profitability of scientific forest management was analyzed by income and cost incurred in managing the forest. The study revealed the promising regeneration of S. robusta in the managed areas compared to the unmanaged area. The silvicultural intervention had a significant negative effect on plant diversity showing an increase in the concentration of dominance of S. robusta. An implementation of SciFM plan generated a total net benefit of 187,000 US$ in the last 2017/18, and 2018/19 fiscal years. This study recommends existing natural forests to be managed based on sound silvicultural principles to improve the degrading nature of the productive forest that can generate revenue for the country and opportunity for community development.

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“…In an attempt to assess the stand dynamics of disturbed tropical forests, comparative information on the changes in size structure, species composition, and demographic processes, such as growth, mortality, and recruitment, has been obtained [9][10][11][12][13]. These studies used data between two censuses at different periods or between disturbed and undisturbed control plots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Harvest Stand Dynamics over Five Years in Selectively Logged Production Forests in Bago, Myanmar

Khai

Mizoue

Ota

2020

Forests

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Understanding the stand dynamics of tropical production forests is essential for determining the sustainability of a polycyclic selective logging system, but limited related studies have addressed the impacts of illegal logging over time. Myanmar faces the extensive degradation of traditional production forests with a 160-year logging history, but the cause of this degradation and how to balance legal and/or illegal disturbances with recovery in over-logged forests remain unclear. The present study investigated stand structural changes over 5 years after official legal logging operations using two 1-ha (100 × 100 m) sample plots. For 5 years after logging, the volume of trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 20 cm decreased by 46.0% from 121 to 65.1 m3 ha−1, with a significant loss of the first- and second-grade species group (Tectona grandis Linn. f. and Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub.) from 48.3 to 6.8 m3 ha−1. The total tree loss owing to official logging operations, mainly targeting the second- and fourth-grade species group, was 29.3 m3 ha−1. A similar level of total tree loss (28.0 m3 ha−1) was attributed to illegal logging that targeted the first- and second-grade species group. The mean annual recruitment rate of 3.1% was larger than the reported values for tropical forests, but there were no and only 1.5 trees ha−1 recruitments s for T. grandis and X. xylocarpa, respectively. The mean annual mortality rate of 2.5% was within the values reported in the related literature, and the volume loss from the mortality was relatively similar to the gain from the increment of living trees for all species groups. We concluded that the effects of illegal disturbances for 5 years post-harvest were equivalent to those of legal disturbances and larger than those of natural change, and are a major cause of the substantial reduction in stocking levels, especially for commercial species.

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Dynamics of Tree Species Diversity in Unlogged and Selectively Logged Malaysian Forests

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Recovery of floristic diversity, composition and structure of regrowth forests on fallow lands: implications for conservation and restoration of degraded forest lands in Laos

Recovery of floristic diversity, composition and structure of regrowth forests on fallow lands: implications for conservation and restoration of degraded forest lands in Laos

Assessment of Productivity and Profitability through Scientific Forest Management in Sal (Shorea robusta) Forest of Nepal: A Case Study from Patela Community Forest, Kailali District, Nepal

Post-Harvest Stand Dynamics over Five Years in Selectively Logged Production Forests in Bago, Myanmar

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