Dynamics of the transition from polarization disorder to antiphase polarization domains in vector fiber lasers

Abstract

We demonstrate that nonlinear polarization coupling in a fiber ring laser without polarization-selective elements, subject to the effects of average anomalous dispersion, Kerr effect, and nonlinear gain saturation, can lead to the antisynchronization of spatiotemporal chaos into a wide variety of ordered laminar states of orthogonal polarization temporal domains. These antiphase polarization domains include stable lattices of soliton trains with high duty cycle at repetition rates of hundreds of MHz, as well as sparse trains of coupled dark and bright solitary waves.

Orthogonally polarized bright–dark pulse pair generation in mode-locked fiber laser with a large-angle tilted fiber grating

“…It is noted that a type of dark soliton in an all-normal dispersion fiber laser has been reported due to an optical domain formation effect, i.e. the formation of the dark soliton is a result of the mutual nonlinear coupling between two different wavelength laser beams [32][33][34]. Here, we believe the formation mechanism of the bright-dark pulse is mode-locking with the nonlinear couplings between lights with two orthogonal polarizations and two different wavelengths.…”

Vector-Resonance-Multimode Instability

“…In the experiments, we set the pump power at 18 mW which is much less than values (approx. 800 mW) required for mode locking based on nonlinear polarization rotation [21,22]. Unlike application of mode lockers [24,25], the pulse width in our experiments without generic mode locking mechanisms (Fig.…”

“…When the splitting is approaching the fundamental frequency inversely proportional to the photon round trip time, parametric resonance results in longitudinal modes synchronization and emergence of the pulse train with the narrow pulse width in the same way as the injection locking [20]. In the experiments, we use special laser configuration and pump power of about hundred times less to exclude mode locking based on nonlinear polarization rotation [21,22].…”

Ginzburg–Landau turbulence in quasi‐CW Raman fiber lasers

“…Besides nonlinear gain saturation and spectral filtering, in the vector case it is necessary to include cross‐phase modulation, as well as cross‐gain saturation between the two orthogonally polarized laser modes. We may thus describe the dissipative dynamics of a vector CW laser in terms of the coupled GLEs : where now and represent the two orthogonal polarization components of the field in the cavity. Here η and ρ describe the action of nonlinear polarization cross‐gain saturation and phase modulation, respectively.…”

“…Besides nonlinear gain saturation and spectral filtering, in the vector case it is necessary to include cross-phase modulation, as well as cross-gain saturation between the two orthogonally polarized laser modes. We may thus describe the dissipative dynamics of a vector CW laser in terms of the coupled GLEs [24]:…”