Dynamics of the pregnancy cycle in the tsetse Glossina morsitans

Denlinger, David L.; Ma, Wuqiang

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(74)90143-7

Cited by 132 publications

(130 citation statements)

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“…Oocyte development occurs in alternating ovaries. The first oocyte to be developed can always be found in the right ovary (Denlinger and Ma, 1974). These changes have significant implications for the regulation of genes associated with oogenesis, such as GmmYP1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular aspects of viviparous reproductive biology of the tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans morsitans): Regulation of yolk and milk gland protein synthesis

Attardo

Güz

Strickler-Dinglasan

et al. 2006

Journal of Insect Physiology

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Tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) viviparous reproductive physiology remains to be explored at the molecular level. Adult females carry their young in utero for the duration of embryonic and larval development, all the while supplying their offspring with nutrients in the form of a "milk" substance secreted from a modified accessory gland. Flies give birth to fully developed third instar larvae that pupariate shortly after birth. Here, we describe the spatial and temporal expression dynamics of two reproduction-associated genes and their products synthesized during the first and second gonotrophic cycles. The proteins studied include a putative yolk protein, Glossina morsitans morsitans yolk protein 1 (GmmYP1) and the major protein found in tsetse "milk" secretions (Glossina morsitans morsitans milk gland protein, GmmMGP). Developmental stage and tissue-specific expression of GmmYP1 show its presence exclusively in the reproductive tract of the fly during oogenesis, suggesting that GmmYP1 acts as a vitellogenic protein. Transcripts for GmmMGP are present only in the milk gland tissue and increase in coordination with the process of larvigenesis. Similarly, GmmMGP can be detected at the onset of larvigenesis in the milk gland, and is present during the full duration of pregnancy. Expression of GmmMGP is restricted to the adult stage and is not detected in the immature developmental stages. These phenomena indicate that the protein is transferred from mother to larvae as nourishment during its development. These results demonstrate that both GmmYP1 and GmmMGP are involved in tsetse reproductive biology, the former associated with the process of oogenesis and the latter with larvigenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The larva molts through two more instars within the mother and is deposited as a fully developed third instar larvae. The larvae then promptly burrows into the ground and pupariates (Denlinger and Ma, 1974;Buxton, 1955;Moloo, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular aspects of viviparous reproductive biology of the tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans morsitans): Regulation of yolk and milk gland protein synthesis

Attardo

Güz

Strickler-Dinglasan

et al. 2006

Journal of Insect Physiology

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“…(17). Correspondingly, there was a greater expression of sitA and hemT by Sodalis within teneral females in comparison to gene expression in females at 48 h following blood meal consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Sodalis is primarily located, both intracellularly and extracellularly, in the midgut of the tsetse fly and may also be found in the hemolymph, milk and salivary glands, muscle, and fat bodies of some tsetse fly species but not in the eggs or mature sperm (8,32,41,52). Transmission of Sodalis is believed to occur primarily vertically through milk gland secretions from the female tsetse to the progeny developing in utero (2,17). Although the presence of Sodalis within the tsetse (8) and its population dynamics through host development (35) have been well documented, the effect of this secondary symbiont on fly biology is not as clear.…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of High-Affinity Iron Acquisition Homologues in the Tsetse Fly SymbiontSodalis glossinidius

et al. 2010

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Sodalis glossinidius is a facultative intracellular bacterium that is a secondary symbiont of the tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae). Since studies with other facultative intracellular bacteria have shown that high-affinity iron acquisition genes are upregulated in vivo, we investigated the regulation of several Sodalis genes that encode putative iron acquisition systems. These genes, SG1538 (hemT) and SG1516 (sitA), are homologous to genes encoding periplasmic heme and iron/manganese transporters, respectively. hemT promoter-and sitA promoter-gfp fusions were constructed, and in both Escherichia coli and Sodalis backgrounds, expression levels of these fusions were higher when the bacteria were grown in iron-limiting media than when the bacteria were grown in iron-replete media. The Sodalis promoters were tested for iron regulation in an E. coli strain that lacks the fur gene, which encodes the iron-responsive transcriptional repressor Fur. Expression of the promoter-gfp fusions in the E. coli fur mutant was constitutively high in both iron-replete and iron-deplete media, and addition of either Shigella flexneri fur or Sodalis fur to a plasmid restored normal regulation. A Sodalis fur mutant was constructed by intron mutagenesis, and semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) showed that iron repression of sitA expression was also abolished in this strain. In vivo expression analysis showed that hemT and sitA are expressed when Sodalis is within tsetse fly hosts, suggesting a biological role for these genes when Sodalis is within the tsetse fly.

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“…This suggests a reduced viability of male tsetse flies produced by female flies submitted to this level of nutritional stress. This is not surprising considering the tsetse's adenotrophic viviparity and the importance of the uterine milk produced by the mother fly for the development of the three larval stages in its uterus (Denlinger and Ma, 1974). Consequently, the condition of the mother fly has direct repercussions for its offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional stress of adult female tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) affects the susceptibility of their offspring to trypanosomal infections

et al. 2009

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Please cite this article in press as: Akoda, K., et al., Nutritional stress of adult female tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) affects the susceptibility of their offspring to trypanosomal infections. Acta Trop. (2009) a b s t r a c tThe epidemiology of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis depends, among other factors, on the proportion of infected flies in a tsetse population. A wide range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors seem to determine the ability of a tsetse fly to become infected and to transmit the parasite. In this paper, we investigated the effect of nutritional stress of reproducing female Glossina morsitans morsitans on the susceptibility of their offspring to trypanosomal infections. Adult female flies that were nutritionally stressed by feeding only once a week, produced pupae with a significant lower weight and offspring with a significant lower fat content as well as a lower baseline immune peptide gene expression. Moreover, infection experiments showed that the emerging teneral flies were significantly more susceptible to a Trypanosoma congolense or Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection than flies emerging from non-starved adult females. These findings suggest that in the field, substantial nutritional stress of adult tsetse flies, as is often experienced during the hot dry season, can increase significantly the vectorial capacity of the emerging teneral flies and thus result in an increased infection rate of the tsetse population.

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Dynamics of the pregnancy cycle in the tsetse Glossina morsitans

Cited by 132 publications

References 13 publications

Molecular aspects of viviparous reproductive biology of the tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans morsitans): Regulation of yolk and milk gland protein synthesis

Molecular aspects of viviparous reproductive biology of the tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans morsitans): Regulation of yolk and milk gland protein synthesis

Regulation of High-Affinity Iron Acquisition Homologues in the Tsetse Fly SymbiontSodalis glossinidius

Nutritional stress of adult female tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) affects the susceptibility of their offspring to trypanosomal infections

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