Dynamics of the Multifragmentation of 1<i>A</i>GeV Gold on Carbon

Hauger, J. A.; Albergo, S.; Bieser, F.; Brady, F. P.; Caccia, Z.; Cebra, D.; Chacon, A. D.; Chance, J. L.; Choi, Y.; Costa, S.; Elliott, J. B.; Gilkes, M. L.; Hirsch, A.; Hjort, E.; Insolia, A.; Justice, M.; Keane, D.; Kintner, J. C.; Lindenstruth, V.; Lisa, M. A.; Lynen, U.; Matis, H. S.; McMahan, M. A.; McParland, C.; Müller, W. F. J.; Olson, D.; Partlan, M. D.; Porile, N.; Potenza, R.; Rai, G.; Rasmussen, J. O.; Ritter, H. G.; Romański, J.; Romero, J. L.; Russo, G.; Sann, H.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Scott, A.; Shao, Y.; Srivastava, B.; Symons, T. J. M.; Tincknell, M.; Tuvé, C.; Wang, S.; Warren, P.; Wieman, H.; Wienold, T.; Wolf, K.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.77.235

Cited by 137 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…3. The curve derived from fitting the spectrum of 7 Li ions describes very well also that of 6 Li (left panel). The 6 Li/ 7 Li yield ratio does not change significantly as a function of the applied threshold energy (right panel).…”

Section: Beams Ofmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…[39], but has been found to be slightly higher than T HeLi in ref. [7]. It seems difficult to assess the precise nature of these deviations at the present time.…”

Section: Experimental Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Heavy ion reactions at relativistic energies offer a wide range of possibilities to study the multi-fragment decay of highly excited nuclei [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In collisions of heavy nuclei at incident energies exceeding values of about 100 MeV per nucleon [2], highly excited and equilibrated spectator systems are formed which decay by multifragmentation [9] in good agreement with statistical predictions [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Breakup temperature of target spectators in 197Au + 197Au collisions at E/A = 1000 MeV

Odeh

Bassini

et al. 1997

Z Phys A - Particles and Fields

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Breakup temperatures were deduced from double ratios of isotope yields for target spectators produced in the reaction 197 The good agreement with the breakup temperatures measured previously for projectile spectators at an incident energy of 600 MeV per nucleon confirms the universality established for the spectator decay at relativistic bombarding energies. The measured temperatures also agree with the breakup temperatures predicted by the statistical multifragmentation model. For these calculations a relation between the initial excitation energy and mass was derived which gives good simultaneous agreement for the fragment charge correlations.The energy spectra of light charged particles, measured at θ lab = 150• , exhibit Maxwellian shapes with inverse slope parameters much higher than the breakup temperatures. The statistical multifragmentation model, because Coulomb repulsion and sequential decay processes are included, yields light-particle spectra with inverse slope parameters higher than the breakup temperatures but considerably below the measured values. The systematic behavior of the differences suggests that they are caused by light-charged-particle emission prior to the final breakup stage. Keywords:197 Au projectiles and targets, E/A = 600 and 1000 MeV; measured fragment cross sections, isotopic yield ratios; deduced breakup temperatures, pre-breakup emission; analysis using quantum statistical and statistical multifragmentation models.

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Section: Beams Ofmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…[39], but has been found to be slightly higher than T HeLi in ref. [7]. It seems difficult to assess the precise nature of these deviations at the present time.…”

Section: Experimental Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Breakup temperature of target spectators in 197Au + 197Au collisions at E/A = 1000 MeV

Odeh

Bassini

et al. 1997

Z Phys A - Particles and Fields

Self Cite

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“…Particularly, the qualitative aspects of the nuclear caloric curve, such as the existence of a plateau, has been strongly debated [1,4,5,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. The controversy related to the determination of this quantity is mainly due to the great difficulties involved in the measurement of the excitation energy and the breakup temperature of the fragmenting system [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear multifragmentation within the framework of different statistical ensembles

2006

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The sensitivity of the Statistical Multifragmentation Model to the underlying statistical assumptions is investigated. We concentrate on its micro-canonical, canonical, and isobaric formulations.As far as average values are concerned, our results reveal that all the ensembles make very similar predictions, as long as the relevant macroscopic variables (such as temperature, excitation energy and breakup volume) are the same in all statistical ensembles. It also turns out that the multiplicity dependence of the breakup volume in the micro-canonical version of the model mimics a system at (approximately) constant pressure, at least in the plateau region of the caloric curve. However, in contrast to average values, our results suggest that the distributions of physical observables are quite sensitive to the statistical assumptions. This finding may help deciding which hypothesis corresponds to the best picture for the freeze-out stage.

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“…The difficulties in extracting the key quantities for the problem from experiments have been extensively discussed [15]. As a consequence of these difficulties, conflicting experimental observations have been reported [16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23] and, therefore, it has not yet been possible to obtain a clear picture for the nuclear multifragmentation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of geometric constraints on the nuclear multifragmentation process

et al. 2007

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We include in statistical model calculations the facts that in the nuclear multifragmentation process the fragments are produced within a given volume and have a finite size. The corrections associated with these constraints affect the partition modes and, as a consequence, other observables in the process. In particular, we find that the favored fragmenting modes strongly suppress the collective flow energy, leading to much lower values compared to what is obtained from unconstrained calculations. This leads, for a given total excitation energy, to a nontrivial correlation between the breakup temperature and the collective expansion velocity. In particular we find that, under some conditions, the temperature of the fragmenting system may increase as a function of this expansion velocity, contrary to what it might be expected.

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Dynamics of the Multifragmentation of 1AGeV Gold on Carbon

Cited by 137 publications

References 21 publications

Breakup temperature of target spectators in 197Au + 197Au collisions at E/A = 1000 MeV

Breakup temperature of target spectators in 197Au + 197Au collisions at E/A = 1000 MeV

Nuclear multifragmentation within the framework of different statistical ensembles

Effects of geometric constraints on the nuclear multifragmentation process

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