Dynamics of the MRSA Population in a Chilean Hospital: a Phylogenomic Analysis (2000–2016)

Martinez, Jose RW; Planet, Paul J.; Spencer-Sandino, María; Rivas, Lina; Diaz, Lorena; Moustafa, Ahmed; Quesille-Villalobos, Ana María; Riquelme-Neira, Roberto; Alcalde-Rico, Manuel; Hanson, Blake; Carvajal, Lina P; Rincón, Sandra; Reyes, Jinnethe; Lam, Marusella; Calderón, Juan F.; Araos, Rafael; García, Patricia; Arias, César A.; Munita, José M.

doi:10.1128/spectrum.05351-22

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The gradual replacement of ST5 by ST8 in the New Hampshire bloodstream population in recent years also mirrors findings of a decline in the prevalence of ST5 in other countries. In Colombia and Japan, ST5 was outcompeted by ST8 31 , 47 , while in Chile, ST5 was outcompeted by ST105 48 . ST764 and ST72 replaced ST5 in recent periods in China and South Korea, respectively 49 , 50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Demographic fluctuations in bloodstream Staphylococcus aureus lineages configure the mobile gene pool and antimicrobial resistance

Souza,

Smith,

Marcovici

et al. 2024

npj Antimicrob Resist

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Staphylococcus aureus in the bloodstream causes high morbidity and mortality, exacerbated by the spread of multidrug-resistant and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). We aimed to characterize the circulating lineages of S. aureus from bloodstream infections and the contribution of individual lineages to resistance over time. Here, we generated 852 high-quality short-read draft genome sequences of S. aureus isolates from patient blood cultures in a single hospital from 2010 to 2022. A total of 80 previously recognized sequence types (ST) and five major clonal complexes are present in the population. Two frequently detected lineages, ST5 and ST8 exhibited fluctuating demographic structures throughout their histories. The rise and fall in their population growth coincided with the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance, mobile genetic elements, and superantigen genes, thus shaping the accessory genome structure across the entire population. These results reflect undetected selective events and changing ecology of multidrug-resistant S. aureus in the bloodstream.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Demographic fluctuations in bloodstream Staphylococcus aureus lineages configure the mobile gene pool and antimicrobial resistance

Souza,

Smith,

Marcovici

et al. 2024

npj Antimicrob Resist

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“…An MRSA clone exhibiting ST5-SCC mec I has recently emerged in South America ( 18 ), which remains the most frequent MRSA lineage. However, this lineage is gradually being replaced by several emerging clones ( 19 ). ST5 is responsible for MRSA-associated bloodstream infections in North, Central, and South America, second only to ST8, and the diversification of ST5 was associated with independent acquisitions of unique variants of the mobile mecA -carrying chromosomal cassette and distinct repertoires of antimicrobial resistance genes ( 20 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global genetic diversity and Asian clades evolution: a phylogeographic study of Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 5

Chen,

Yin,

Chen

et al. 2024

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Staphylococcus aureus sequence type (ST) 5 has spread worldwide; however, phylogeographic studies on the evolution of global phylogenetic and Asian clades of ST5 are lacking. This study included 368 ST5 genome sequences, including 111 newly generated sequences. Primary phylogenetic analysis suggested that there are five clades, and geographical clustering of ST5 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was linked to the acquisition of S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs; enterotoxin gene island) and integration of the prophage φSa3. The most recent common ancestor of global S. aureus ST5 dates back to the mid-1940s, coinciding with the clinical introduction of penicillin. Bayesian phylogeographic inference allowed to ancestrally trace the Asian ST5 MRSA clade to Japan, which may have spread to major cities in China and Korea in the 1990s. Based on a pan-genome-wide association study, the emergence of Asian ST5 clades was attributed to the gain of prophages, SaPIs, and plasmids, as well as the coevolution of resistance genes. Clade IV displayed greater genomic diversity than the Asian MRSA clades. Collectively, our study provides in-depth insights into the global evolution of S. aureus ST5 mainly in China and the United States and reveals that different S. aureus ST5 clades have arisen independently in different parts of the world, with limited geographic dispersal across continents.

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“…In Chile, the PVL-negative Chilean/Cordobes ST5 SCCmec I clone has shown high prevalence [22]. However, the emergence of the USA300 clone, detected for the first time in 2008, marked a change in the dynamics of MRSA clones worldwide [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Phylogenomic Analysis of a Vancomycin Intermediate Resistance USA300LV Strain in Chile

Núñez,

Jiménez,

Cortez-San Martín

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health problem, and, among Gram-positive bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a serious threat. MRSA causes a wide range of infections, including bacteremia, which, due to the limited use of β-lactams, is difficult to treat. This study aimed to analyze 51 MRSA isolates collected in 2018 from samples of patients with bacteremia from two hospitals of the Metropolitan Health Service of Santiago, Chile, both in their resistance profile and in the identification of virulence factors. In addition, genomic characterization was carried out by the WGS of an isolate that was shown to be the one of greatest concern (N°. 42) due to its intermediate resistance to vancomycin, multiple virulence factors and being classified as ST8 PVL-positive. In our study, most of the isolates turned out to be multidrug-resistant, but there are still therapeutic options, such as tetracycline, rifampicin, chloramphenicol and vancomycin, which are currently used for MRSA infections; however, 18% were PVL positive, which suggests greater virulence of these isolates. It was determined that isolate N°42 is grouped within the USA300-LV strains (ST8, PVL+, COMER+); however, it has been suggested that, in Chile, a complete displacement of the PVL-negative ST5 clone has not occurred.

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Dynamics of the MRSA Population in a Chilean Hospital: a Phylogenomic Analysis (2000–2016)

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Demographic fluctuations in bloodstream Staphylococcus aureus lineages configure the mobile gene pool and antimicrobial resistance

Demographic fluctuations in bloodstream Staphylococcus aureus lineages configure the mobile gene pool and antimicrobial resistance

Global genetic diversity and Asian clades evolution: a phylogeographic study of Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 5

Molecular and Phylogenomic Analysis of a Vancomycin Intermediate Resistance USA300LV Strain in Chile

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