Dynamics of the high‐latitude ionospheric irregularities during the 17 March 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm: Ground‐based GPS measurements

Cherniak, Iurii; Zakharenkova, Irina; Redmon, R. J.

doi:10.1002/2015sw001237

Cited by 106 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, during this particular geomagnetic event, also a difference of the current intensities could have characterized the two hemispheres. This hypothesis is consistent with the results reported by Cherniak et al (2015) who, during the St. Patrick geomagnetic storm, found hemispheric asymmetries in both the intensity and spatial structures of ionospheric irregularities.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

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Comparison between IRI and preliminary Swarm Langmuir probe measurements during the St. Patrick storm period

et al. 2016

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Preliminary Swarm Langmuir probe measurements recorded during March 2015, a period of time including the St. Patrick storm, are considered. Specifically, six time periods are identified: two quiet periods before the onset of the storm, two periods including the main phase of the storm, and two periods during the recovery phase of the storm. Swarm electron density values are then compared with the corresponding output given by the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model, according to its three different options for modelling the topside ionosphere. Since the Swarm electron density measurements are still undergoing a thorough validation, a comparison with IRI in terms of absolute values would have not been appropriate. Hence, the similarity of trends embedded in the Swarm and IRI time series is investigated in terms of Pearson correlation coefficient. The analysis shows that the electron density representations made by Swarm and IRI are different for both quiet and disturbed periods, independently of the chosen topside model option. Main differences between trends modelled by IRI and those observed by Swarm emerge, especially at equatorial latitudes, and at northern high latitudes, during the main and recovery phases of the storm. Moreover, very low values of electron density, even lower than 2 × 10 4 cm −3, were simultaneously recorded in the evening sector by Swarm satellites at equatorial latitudes during quiet periods, and at magnetic latitudes of about ±60° during disturbed periods. The obtained results are an example of the capability of Swarm data to generate an additional valuable dataset to properly model the topside ionosphere.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The maximum intensity of the storm was reached at around 23:00 UT of 17 March and was characterized by the minimum value of D st index of −223 nT. Some details on the complex structure of this storm can be found in Kamide and Kusano (2015) and Cherniak et al (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between IRI and preliminary Swarm Langmuir probe measurements during the St. Patrick storm period

et al. 2016

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“…Thus, the work to determine the relative importance of those effects will have to be left to future events. We note that in the global view of this event in the paper by Cherniak et al (2015), patches were observed to drift across the polar cap and enter the nightside auroral oval, and they were associated with significant increases in the intensity of ionospheric irregularities. In a case study of another event by Jin et al (2014), patches that had entered the auroral region (auroral blobs) were directly connected to the strongest scintillations.…”

Section: Auroral Electrojetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to a general overview and comments regarding the event, they suggested that it was caused by a superposition of two moderate events. Cherniak et al (2015) studied the disturbances on a global scale using data from more than 2500 GPS receivers. Their paper provides an excellent overview of the large-scale distribution and development of GPS disturbances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the 2015 St. Patrick’s day storm and its consequences for RTK and PPP positioning in Norway

Jacobsen

Andalsvik

2016

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

122

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The 2015 St. Patrick's day storm was the first storm of solar cycle 24 to reach a level of ''Severe'' on the NOAA geomagnetic storm scale. The Norwegian Mapping Authority is operating a national real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning network and has in recent years developed software and services and deployed instrumentation to monitor space weather disturbances. Here, we report on our observations during this event. Strong GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) disturbances, measured by the rateof-TEC index (ROTI), were observed at all latitudes in Norway on March 17th and early on March 18th. Late on the 18th, strong disturbances were only observed in northern parts of Norway. We study the ionospheric disturbances in relation to the auroral electrojet currents, showing that the most intense disturbances of GNSS signals occur on the poleward side of poleward-moving current regions. This indicates a possible connection to ionospheric polar cap plasma patches and/or particle precipitation caused by magnetic reconnection in the magnetosphere tail. We also study the impact of the disturbances on the network RTK and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) techniques. The vertical position errors increase rapidly with increasing ROTI for both techniques, but PPP is more precise than RTK at all disturbance levels.

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“…This difference in the ionospheric response can be explained by interhemispheric asymmetry due to the high-latitude coupling between solar wind and the magnetosphere. This asymmetry drives the dawn-dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field that defines the cusp location and thus determines whether the stormenhanced density plasma will enter the polar cap and the orientation of the antisunward convection in the polar cap relative to the noon-midnight meridian (Cherniak et al, 2015;Horvarth and Lovell, 2015;Prikryl et al, 2013Prikryl et al, , 2015b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric F-region response to the 26 September 2011 geomagnetic storm in the Antarctica American and Australian sectors

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The ionospheric response at middle and high latitudes in the Antarctica American and Australian sectors to the 26-27 September 2011 moderately intense geomagnetic storm was investigated using instruments including an ionosonde, riometer, and GNSS receivers. The multiinstrument observations permitted us to characterize the ionospheric storm-enhanced density (SED) and tongues of ionization (TOIs) as a function of storm time and location, considering the effect of prompt penetration electric fields (PPEFs). During the main phase of the geomagnetic storm, dayside SEDs were observed at middle latitudes, and in the nightside only density depletions were observed from middle to high latitudes. Both the increase and decrease in ionospheric density at middle latitudes can be attributed to a combination of processes, including the PPEF effect just after the storm onset, dominated by disturbance dynamo processes during the evolution of the main phase. Two SEDs-TOIs were identified in the Southern Hemisphere, but only the first episode had a counterpart in the Northern Hemisphere. This difference can be explained by the interhemispheric asymmetry caused by the high-latitude coupling between solar wind and the magnetosphere, which drives the dawn-to-dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field. The formation of polar TOI is a function of the SED plume location that might be near the dayside cusp from which it can enter the polar cap, which was the case in the Southern Hemisphere. Strong GNSS scintillations were observed at stations collocated with SED plumes at middle latitudes and cusp on the dayside and at polar cap TOIs on the nightside.

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Dynamics of the high‐latitude ionospheric irregularities during the 17 March 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm: Ground‐based GPS measurements

Cited by 106 publications

References 39 publications

Comparison between IRI and preliminary Swarm Langmuir probe measurements during the St. Patrick storm period

Comparison between IRI and preliminary Swarm Langmuir probe measurements during the St. Patrick storm period

Overview of the 2015 St. Patrick’s day storm and its consequences for RTK and PPP positioning in Norway

Ionospheric F-region response to the 26 September 2011 geomagnetic storm in the Antarctica American and Australian sectors

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