Dynamics of the heterodyne spectrum analyzer with rectangular bandpass filter

Bajic, Branko

doi:10.1109/tim.1981.6312467

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(4 reference statements)

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“…More advanced detection methods consider spectral techniques [ 50 ]. Here, the raw IQ samples are transformed to the spectral domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based method [ 50 , 51 ], but filter-based approaches such as a spectrum analyzer architecture also exist [ 52 ]. Spectrum monitoring approaches are generic, apply to numerous areas beyond GNSS, and have been studied in detail [ 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Background To Interference Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost COTS GNSS Interference Monitoring, Detection, and Classification System

Merwe

Franco

Hansen

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Interference signals cause position errors and outages to global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. However, to solve these problems, the interference source must be detected, classified, its purpose determined, and localized to eliminate it. Several interference monitoring solutions exist, but these are expensive, resulting in fewer nodes that may miss spatially sparse interference signals. This article introduces a low-cost commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) GNSS interference monitoring, detection, and classification receiver. It employs machine learning (ML) on tailored signal pre-processing of the raw signal samples and GNSS measurements to facilitate a generalized, high-performance architecture that does not require human-in-the-loop (HIL) calibration. Therefore, the low-cost receivers with high performance can justify significantly more receivers being deployed, resulting in a significantly higher probability of intercept (POI). The architecture of the monitoring system is described in detail in this article, including an analysis of the energy consumption and optimization. Controlled interference scenarios demonstrate detection and classification capabilities exceeding conventional approaches. The ML results show that accurate and reliable detection and classification are possible with COTS hardware.

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Section: Background To Interference Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost COTS GNSS Interference Monitoring, Detection, and Classification System

Merwe

Franco

Hansen

et al. 2023

Sensors

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show abstract

“…Software has been used to implement a simplified model of the response of the analyser under the assumption that the analysis frequency is changed continuously at a constant rate (Bajic, 1981). Simulation results based on this model, when a monochromatic input is applied, predict (1) an increase in the half-power bandwidth, (2) a reduction in the amplitude, and (3) a shift in the direction of frequency change of the response of the analyser.…”

Section: Experimental Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approximate spectrum analyser

Jordan

Moulton

Whittington

1985

Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control

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A simple hardware approximate spectrum analyser is described which is obtained by replacing the sine and cosine modulating functions used in a complex demodulator by a square-wave approximation. Measured approximate power spectra show a defined pattern of small sub-harmonic error terms. If the maximum input frequency is limited to F then no errors wall be incurred over the range F/3 to F. Experimental and theoretical results are presented describing the effect of sweep time on the measured speetrum. The simplicity of the hardware involved allows a parallel array of complex demodulators to be created and, when the individual elements of the array are swept over adjacent frequency bands, a greatly reduced measurement time is obtained.

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Dynamics of the heterodyne spectrum analyzer with rectangular bandpass filter

Abstract: Mathematical model of the dynamic frequency characteristics of the heterodyne spectrum analyzer with a rectangular bandpass filter of small relative bandwidth is constructed. The model is investigated numerically and proved experimentally.

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Low-Cost COTS GNSS Interference Monitoring, Detection, and Classification System

Low-Cost COTS GNSS Interference Monitoring, Detection, and Classification System

An approximate spectrum analyser

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