Dynamics of the Eye and Head During an Element of Visual Search

Robinson, Gordon H.; Koth, Bruce W.; Ringenbach, John P.

doi:10.1080/00140137608931584

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The present results indicate that this recruitment of larger and more costly muscle groups is likely to increase the reliance on internal processing. As the study of search extends beyond traditional static computer tasks and embraces the full suite of embodied behaviors involved in search (e.g., Gilchrist et al, 2001;Robinson, Koth, & Ringenbach, 1976;Ruddle & Lessels, 2006;Smith, Hood, & Gilchrist, 2008;Solman, Cheyne, & Smilek, 2012;Solman, Wu, Cheyne, & Smilek, 2013;Summala, Pasanen, Räsänen, & Sievänen, 1996;Thomas et al, 2006), consideration of these 1 Adapting the RT reconstruction method used to validate P m estimates in the results section, we estimated the expected eye-contingent repeated search RTs if memory use matched that observed for head-contingent search. In particular, we used head-contingent Initiation Times (h i ) and P m values, eye-contingent random search times (e r ) and decision times (e d ), and a non-zero memory search time chosen as the duration of a typical saccade (t m = 50 ms): RT Ã = h i + e d + (1 À P m ) e r + P m t m .…”

Section: Concluding Commentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Balancing energetic and cognitive resources: Memory use during search depends on the orienting effector

Solman

Kingstone

2014

Cognition

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Section: Concluding Commentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Balancing energetic and cognitive resources: Memory use during search depends on the orienting effector

Solman

Kingstone

2014

Cognition

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“…During head movements, users typically move their eyes as well as their heads, such that the eye movement leads the head movement; there is an angular offset between eye orientation and head orientation (Robinson, Koth, & Ringenbach, 1976;Rolland, Ha, & Fidopiastis, 2004;Velger, 1998, p. 173). Thus, more accurate estimates of line of sight are available when both eye movements and head movements are measured (Velger, 1998, p. 173).…”

Section: Head-tracking Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual Issues in the Use of Head-Mounted Visual Displays

2006

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From -To) SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S)AFRL; AFRL/HEA SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) Air Force Research Laboratory Human Effectiveness Directorate Warfighter Readiness Research Division 6030 South Kent Street Mesa AZ 85212-6061 AFRL-HE-AZ-TP-2007-03 DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESThis paper was originally published in the journal Human Factors (Volume 48, Fall 2006). ABSTRACTObjective: We provide a review and analysis of much of the published literature on visual perception issues that impact the design and use of head-mounted displays (HMDs). Background: Unlike the previous literature on HMDs, this review draws heavily from the basic vision literature in order to help provide insight for future design solutions for HMDs. Method: Included in this review are articles and books found cited in other works as well as articles and books obtained from an Internet search. Results: Issues discussed include the effect of brightness and contrast on depth of field, dark focus, dark vergence, and perceptual constancy; the effect of accommodation/vergence synergy on perceptual constancy, eyestrain, and discomfort; the relationship of field of view to the functioning of different visual pathways and the types of visualmotor tasks mediated by them; the relationship of binocular input to visual suppression; and the importance of head movements, head tracking, and display update lag. Conclusion: This paper offers a set of recommendations for the design and use of HMDs. Application: Consideration of the basic vision literature will provide insight for future design solutions for HMDs.

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“…This is especially true when it takes more than a fraction of a second to acquire the peripherally presented information. Robinson, Koth, and Ringenbach (1976) for example demonstrated that when subjects were required to search for a specific digit in a matrix of digits (4 or 8), at target eccentricities of 60, 80, and 100 degrees, head movements occurred 100% of the time; at 40 degrees, approximately 75% of the time; and at eccentricities of less than 20 degrees, less than 2% of the time. The likelihood of head movement was affected by stimulus brightness but not by task difficulty.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye and Head Movements in the Acquisition of Visual Information

Stern¹,

Brown

Wang

et al. 2005

PSYCHOLOGIA -An International Journal of Psychological Sciences

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Much of the literature dealing with the measurement of eye movements is restricted to data collected under conditions where the head is "stabilized". Since in the "real world" such restrictions cannot readily be imposed on operators, we here review the literature dealing with the use of head movements in the acquisition and processing of visually presented information. Task difficulty is associated with an increase in the likelihood of using head movements to acquire visually presented information. Such head movements have been described with visual information subtending as little as 5-10 degrees of arc. The present study, requiring subjects to identify and process information presented at 10 degree eccentricity, determined that such head movements do occur. Head movements were not measured directly but inferred from differences in eye movement amplitude as measured with electrooculography, and gaze shift measured with video camera technology. We raise the issue of generalizability of results obtained under conditions where the head is "stabilized" to conditions where it is free to move.

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Dynamics of the Eye and Head During an Element of Visual Search

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Balancing energetic and cognitive resources: Memory use during search depends on the orienting effector

Balancing energetic and cognitive resources: Memory use during search depends on the orienting effector

Perceptual Issues in the Use of Head-Mounted Visual Displays

Eye and Head Movements in the Acquisition of Visual Information

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