Dynamics of soil fungal and bacterial biomass in a temperate climate alley cropping system

Seiter, Stefan; Ingham, E. R.; William, Ray D.

doi:10.1016/s0929-1393(98)00163-2

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is especially true as the soil surface is practically bare after pea harvest, causing the soil water in the pea strips to either evaporate or be taken up by maize (Chen et al., ). Soil evaporation is commonly considered as a loss of water from the soil surface and can account for a high proportion of the total seasonal water loss (Plauborg, ; Seiter, Ingham, & William, ). In the present study, a water savings advantage existed in maize–pea intercropping compared to sole cropping due to a 3–6% reduction in evapotranspiration during the entire season with intercropping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and radiation use in maize–pea intercropping is enhanced with increased plant density

Fan

Chai

et al. 2020

Agronomy Journal

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Crop management to improve water use is a well‐established strategy for the effective use of limited natural resources in intercropping systems. Here, maize (Zea mays L.)– pea (Pisum sativum L.) strip intercropping with three maize densities (D1: 45,000, D2: 52,500, and D3: 60,000 plants ha−1) was compared to sole maize with three maize densities and sole pea. Soil water extraction and water difference were determined through soil water content over depth and across rows in intercropping, measured six times during the growing season. Land equivalent ratio (LER), radiation use efficiency (RUEGY for grain yield, and RUEBM for biomass), and water use efficiency (WUE) were calculated to compare intercropping with sole cropping. A soil water supplement potential from intercropped maize strips to intercropped pea was observed during the pea independent growth and co‐growth with maize periods, which declined as the growing season progressed and with increased maize density. After pea harvest, the potential of compensatory soil water for maize existed from the pea strips, which was greater with increased maize density. Maize–pea intercropping produced 23–38% greater total yield than corresponding sole crops, as the LER ranged from 1.23 to 1.38. Maize–pea intercropping with D3 attained the greatest grain yield, RUEGY, RUEBM, and WUE among three maize density treatments, and was 10, 9, 17, and 14% greater than that of corresponding sole maize. Increasing maize density increased grain yield, radiation and water use efficiency, and LER, indicating that the intercropping advantage was improved with increased maize density.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and radiation use in maize–pea intercropping is enhanced with increased plant density

Fan

Chai

et al. 2020

Agronomy Journal

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“…In terms of biological characteristics, greater populations of nematodes in ORG managed grasslands 45) , low genetic diversity and strong dominance of plant parasitic groups in CNV plots, and greater population of microbial feeders in ORG plots 37) have been reported. In soil ecosystems, the microbial community plays a major role in carbon and nutrient cycles through close relationships with other organisms and in the mineralization of organic matter available for plant growth 8,30) . Therefore, the microbial community structure should provide essential information for biological evaluation of the difference between ORG and CNV farming systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Environmental Variability and Fungal Community Structure in Soils between Organic and Conventional Commercial Farms of Cherry Tomato in Japan

et al. 2008

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Soil environmental variability and fungal community structures were analyzed to evaluate differences in soils managed under organic (ORG) and conventional (CNV) systems of farming in Fukushima and Yamagata prefectures in Japan. The soils were collected from 8 ORG and 13 CNV farms in 2005, and 6 ORG and 13 CNV farms in 2006. Principal component analysis (PCA) of 26 environmental variables demonstrated that plots of ORG and CNV were separated; however, the differences were unclear. Environmental variability and scores of principal components indicated more MgO, available phosphorous, NO 3 -N, and K 2 O in ORG than in CNV, and more silt, Mn, and Mg/K in CNV than in ORG. The differences were considered distinguishing for these farming systems. The fungal DGGE profiles and characteristic band intensities could not be used to distinguish between ORG and CNV. However, the PCA of band profiles slightly differentiated the plots of each system for both 2005 and 2006, as was the case for environmental variability. Furthermore, analysis of the PCA scores revealed several characteristic bands in DGGE profiles. A sequence analysis of the characteristic bands indicated the genus Mortierella sp. and close relatives of Cheatomium globosum to be characteristic fungi in CNV, although definitive characteristic fungi were not found in ORG. Since these results were obtained from soils differing in the type and amount of fertilizer, the application of pesticide, and management system, they are considered to reflect the general difference between ORG and CNV soils.

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“…Soil fungi and bacteria decompose the organic fertilizer, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil and stimulating plant growth. In soil ecosystems, it is important to evaluate the changes in the microbial community structure, because the microbial community plays a major role in carbon and nutrient cycles 9,34) , and it should give useful information for the appropriate management of farmland. Many studies have shown the effects of perturbations of agricultural soil by chemical fumigation 7,20) , water stress 17) , different tillage conditions 14,45) , and different soils and plants 24) on microbial communities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Cattle Manure and Green Manure on the Microbial Community Structure in Upland Soil Determined by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

2007

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Fungal and bacterial communities were investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and a pattern-based analysis after the application of two types of organic fertilizer (cattle manure and green manure). Crops were not cultivated in the experimental plots in order to minimize the effects of plants on the microbial communities. Unexpectedly, the microbial populations and DGGE profiles in the soils treated with cattle manure did not differ significantly from the controls. Although the microbial populations in the soils amended with green manure were significantly higher throughout the two-year experiment, differences in the DGGE band profiles were minor. A principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated a succession of differences in the DGGE profiles, as the application of green manure slightly affected the fungal community. Principal component and sequence analyses for characteristic DGGE bands identified close relatives of Chaetomium globosum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Mortierella alpina which appeared to be involved with the decomposition of green manure. These results suggested that the application of green manure was more effective at increasing microbial populations than that of cattle manure, and activated several characteristic fungi which should be considered to play a significant role in the decomposition of green manure.

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Dynamics of soil fungal and bacterial biomass in a temperate climate alley cropping system

Cited by 30 publications

References 21 publications

Water and radiation use in maize–pea intercropping is enhanced with increased plant density

Water and radiation use in maize–pea intercropping is enhanced with increased plant density

Comparative Analysis of Environmental Variability and Fungal Community Structure in Soils between Organic and Conventional Commercial Farms of Cherry Tomato in Japan

Effects of Cattle Manure and Green Manure on the Microbial Community Structure in Upland Soil Determined by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

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