Dynamics of silver particles during ethylene epoxidation

Hoof, Arno J. F. van; Poll, R.; Friedrich, Heiner; Hensen, Emiel J. M.

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118983

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, the dominant mechanism behind the particle growth of supported silver particles in the epoxidation of ethylene is still under debate [45][46][47][48]. Recently, in an advanced electron microscopy study on the silver dispersion during ethylene epoxidation, particle growth via Ostwald ripening was put forward [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of atmosphere, interparticle distance and support on the stability of silver on α-alumina for ethylene epoxidation

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et al. 2022

Journal of Catalysis

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of atmosphere, interparticle distance and support on the stability of silver on α-alumina for ethylene epoxidation

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Reijen

Keijzer

et al. 2022

Journal of Catalysis

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“…The strategy of particle chlorination for significantly enhancing their mobility has been applied to gold [40] and silver [41] metal NPs and appears to be applicable to our system as well. Moreover, one may extend our approach also to non-halogenated polymers by using a third, Cl-containing precursor during VPI processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropy‐Driven Self‐Healing of Metal Oxides Assisted by Polymer–Inorganic Hybrid Materials

et al. 2022

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robustness to mechanical stress. The combination of these two properties is typically found in inorganic materials such as metals and metal oxides, therefore inorganic materials which are able to selfrecover are in high demand. [3] Examples of self-healing materials for applications in electronics and related fields are scarce. The few existing ones describe materials that can restore their crack-degraded conductivity, [4] including semiconducting polymers, [5] conductive polymer networks, [6,7] microchannels, and microcapsules filled with Ga-based liquid metal alloys, [8,9] or metal-containing solutions, [10] and ionic hydrogels. [11,12] Further progress remains challenging, primarily because of the lack of feasible healing agents and suitable ways to supply them to the damaged site. In theory, the most logical way to construct self-healing materials is by the entrapment of reactive precursors within the bulk material which reacts only upon exposure to air, for example at a damaged site. Unfortunately, this is a complex and potentially dangerous approach due to the reactivity of the applied chemicals. [10] We aim to widen the pool of self-healing materials from soft matter toward metal oxides (MeOs), including the highly demanded transparent conductive oxides (TCOs). MeOs are typically very inert in ambient conditions. Healing cracks in MeOs by recrystallization would require considerable energy investment. If a device contains polymers, for example as a substrate in the case of flexible electronics, such an energy input will be incompatible with the thermal range of the polymers and is therefore not applicable. Self-healing of inorganic materials and structures could alternatively be realized by loading a polymeric substrate with inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and enabling their mobility inside the substrate. The spatial distribution of NPs can be tuned by harnessing both enthalpy and entropy. [13][14][15][16] In suitable material systems, the NPs can migrate to new damage-induced interfaces, agglomerating and thereby performing self-healing events. [17] However, a polymer coating on inorganic NPs was required in that work, which shielded the NPs and therefore affected their functional properties. [17] An entropy-driven NP reorganization, as described in this work, suggests a promising and safe alternative pathway to allow the healing of metal oxides. As a first step, a system with MeO nanoparticles, well-dispersed inside a preferably polymeric host matrix, is needed. This can be obtained by vapor phase infiltration (VPI) of a polymer with inorganic materials. [18][19][20] The approach will yield a hybrid or nanocomposite polymerinorganic material with an inorganic thin film coating of the same or another MeO, depending on the process setup. [21] This Enabling self-healing of materials is crucially important for saving resources and energy in numerous emerging applications. While strategies for the selfhealing of polymers are advanced, mechanisms for semiconducting inorganic materials are scarce due to the lack ...

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“…However, this is important, as the majority of heterogeneous catalytic systems are nanomaterials. In order to resolve the response of nanoparticles during the catalytic reaction, different TEM techniques have been developed that rely on quasi in situ TEM, − environmental TEM (ETEM), and dedicated gas cell TEM holders that are based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) . Due to electron–gas interactions ETEM is limited in pressure to a few millibars.…”

Section: Operando X-ray Spectroscopy and Operando Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Career in Catalysis: Robert Schlögl

et al. 2021

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“Why?” is the question that initiates science. “Why?” is also the answer that maintains science. This interrogative adverb fuels the scientific career of Robert Schlögl. Robert is a dedicated solid-state chemist who has found his specialization in untangling the working principles of heterogeneous catalysts under realistic conditions. As such he combines the full complexity of real catalysts with tailor-made operando experiments to overcome pressure, material, and complexity gaps. His ability to quickly abstract the meaning of spectroscopic and microscopic data, his talent to ask the right question paired with curiosity, diligence, and creativity have made him a world-leading expert in heterogeneous catalysis and energy science. His scientific passion is focused on untangling chemical dynamics as well as working principles and understanding the important interplay of geometric and electronic structures in functional materials. Thereby his research interests involve ammonia and methanol synthesis, carbon materials in catalysis, hydrogenation, and dehydrogenation, selective oxidation, and the development of operando setups for microscopy and spectroscopy. He also has a strong commitment to society in scientifically accelerating the energy transition (“Energiewende”) in Europe, where he focuses on CO2 utilization and hydrogen as an energy carrier. This is manifested in three recent large Germany-wide projects: Carbon2Chem, CatLab, and TransHyDe.

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Dynamics of silver particles during ethylene epoxidation

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Influence of atmosphere, interparticle distance and support on the stability of silver on α-alumina for ethylene epoxidation

Influence of atmosphere, interparticle distance and support on the stability of silver on α-alumina for ethylene epoxidation

Entropy‐Driven Self‐Healing of Metal Oxides Assisted by Polymer–Inorganic Hybrid Materials

A Career in Catalysis: Robert Schlögl

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