Dynamics of salinity intrusion in the surface and ground water of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India

Chowdhury, Abhiroop; Naz, Aliya; Bhattacharyya, Santanu; Sanyal, Pranabes

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/944/1/012061

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Even then the WQI of Malancha (downstream) remained quite low than Haroa Intl J Civl, Env, Agri Engg, 85-103 / 97 (Upstream). It might indicate the possibility of saltwater ingression along the river as already mentioned in earlier studies of the region [40][41][42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Development of Canadian Water Quality Index (WQI) of Vidhyadhari, an Estuarine River in Eastern India

Dutta

Senapati²,

Biswas³

et al. 2022

ijceae

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Surface water represents one of the most utilized sources for water distribution systems globally, despite the fact that rapid urbanization and industrialization has reduced its cleanliness. As a result, the end-user's health is seriously impacted by the dirty water. Nevertheless, it is clear that many developing nations, including India, pay little regard to or care about this crucial issue. The Vidhyadhari River has become a receiver of high organic and bacteriological load of entire Kolkata City through Basanti canal. As a result, the purpose of this investigation is to evaluate how rapid urbanization and industrialization has changed the water quality of Vidhyadhari River using Canadian Water Quality Index (WQI). We have used seasonal water quality data collected at two monitoring stations (Haroa bridge and Malancha) from 2011 to 2020 to study the water quality of Vidhyadhari River. Results of the study indicated that the annual WQI value of Haroa brigde ranged between 21.62 (very bad) and 62.89 (medium) with an average of 27.29 (bad), whereas annual WQI value of Malancha station ranged between 15.44 (very bad) and 43.09 (bad) with an average of 18.77 (very bad). In comparison to downward location, the water quality of Vidhyadhari River was somehow good at upstream i.e., Haroa brigde. According to WQI, the water quality of Vidhyadhari River fall into bad to very bad category, which indicated deterioration of river water quality. Factor analysis revealed that both stations are predominated by hardness cluster (hardness, calcium, magnesium and chloride) followed by cluster of total dissolved solids (TDS), sulphate and ammonia. Sewer, excessive human activity, industrial discharges, poor sanitation, and urban runoff outflow can be extrapolated as the main causes for the deterioration of Vidhyadhari River water quality. This study emphasized the significance of implementing measurement actions, introduction of watershed characteristics and implications for developing water management strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Development of Canadian Water Quality Index (WQI) of Vidhyadhari, an Estuarine River in Eastern India

Dutta

Senapati²,

Biswas³

et al. 2022

ijceae

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“…Mangroves are coastal forests stretched between the terrene and the sea in the tropics and subtropics across the world [1]. Mangrove forests represent an assembly of trees and bushes that can thrive in dynamic ecological settings [2] with variable concentrations of soil oxygen [3] and saline water influx [4]. Being biologically diverse, the mangrove forests are known as the "rainforests of the seas" [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangrove Health: A Review of Functions, Threats, and Challenges Associated with Mangrove Management Practices

Akram,

Hussain,

Mazumdar

et al. 2023

Forests

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Mangroves stand out as one of the most diverse and biologically significant natural systems in the world. Playing critical roles in maintaining the health and productivity of coastal ecosystems, mangroves provide a range of services and functions, including habitat for local fauna and flora, food and other goods, carbon sequestration, and protection from natural disasters such as storm surges and coastal erosion. It is also evident that mangroves face several threats, which have already led to the gradual depletion of mangrove areas worldwide. Based on the analysis of current and related historical literature and data, this review summarises mangrove functions and the threats and challenges associated with mangrove management practices. Our findings suggest that coastal development, expanded aquaculture, deforestation, climate change, and other associated implications such as eutrophication, diseases, and pollution are the major factors posing threats to mangrove sustainability. We also highlight the various challenges, such as land use conflict, a lack of stringent regulatory actions, inadequate policy and government frameworks, and a lack of community awareness, that underlie ineffective mangrove management. The implementation of inclusive and coordinated approaches involving stakeholders from different backgrounds and interests, governmental and non-governmental organisations, and academia is essential for mangrove restoration and sustainable mangrove management by adapting mitigation strategies.

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“…Similarly, during cyclones and storm surges, saline water from the Bay of Bengal rushes into the inner and central parts of the Sundarbans, flooding the region with saline water [11]. These devastating cyclones and storm surges have increased the surface water salinity in the region [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Salinity, Mangrove Community Ecology, and Organic Blue Carbon Stock in Response to Cyclones at Indian Sundarbans

Chowdhury

Naz

Sharma

et al. 2023

Life

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Climate change-induced frequent cyclones are pumping saline seawater into the Sundarbans. Fani, Amphan, Bulbul, and Yaas were the major cyclones that hit the region during 2019–2021. This study represents the changes in the soil parameters, mangrove biodiversity and zonation due to the cyclone surges in the Indian Sundarbans between 2017 and 2021. Increasing tidal water salinity (parts per thousand) trends in both pre-monsoon (21 to 33) and post-monsoon (14 to 19) seasons have been observed between 2017 and 2021. A 46% reduction in the soil organic blue carbon pool is observed due to a 31% increase in soil salinity. Soil organic blue carbon has been calculated by both wet digestion and the elemental analyzer method, which are linearly correlated with each other. A reduction in the available nitrogen (30%) and available phosphorous (33%) in the mangrove soil has also been observed. Salinity-sensitive mangroves, such as Xylocarpus granatum, Xylocarpus moluccensis, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Bruguiera cylindrica, have seen local extinction in the sampled population. An increasing trend in relative density of salinity resilient, Avicennia marina, Suaeda maritima, Aegiceras corniculatum and a decreasing trend of true mangrove (Ceriops decandra) has been observed, in response to salinity rise in surface water as well as soil. As is evident from Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and the Abundance/Frequency ratio (A/F), the mangrove zonation observed in response to tidal gradient has also changed, becoming more homogeneous with a dominance of A. marina. These findings indicate that cyclone, climate change-induced sea level rise can adversely impact Sustainable Development Goal 13 (climate action), by decreasing organic soil blue carbon sink and Sustainable Development Goal 14 (life below water), by local extinction of salinity sensitive mangroves.

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Dynamics of salinity intrusion in the surface and ground water of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve, India

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Development of Canadian Water Quality Index (WQI) of Vidhyadhari, an Estuarine River in Eastern India

Development of Canadian Water Quality Index (WQI) of Vidhyadhari, an Estuarine River in Eastern India

Mangrove Health: A Review of Functions, Threats, and Challenges Associated with Mangrove Management Practices

Changes in Salinity, Mangrove Community Ecology, and Organic Blue Carbon Stock in Response to Cyclones at Indian Sundarbans

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