The photoexcited behavior of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and the effect of confinement on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) to and from the CNPs have been examined by confining the nanoparticles and electron donor−acceptor systems in aerosol OT (AOT)/hexane/water reverse micelles (RMs). The CNPs and the electron donor dimethylaniline (DMA) are captured in the nonpolar environment of the RMs, while methyl viologen (MV 2+ ), the electron acceptor, readily goes into the water pool. This confined medium facilitates experimentation on the electron transfer dynamics between two different phases. PET from DMA to MV 2+ via CNPs is the expected phenomenon. The ultrafast photogenerated MV •+ cation radical acts as an electron sink scavenging electrons from DMA. PET has been confirmed from steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence along with ultrafast transient absorption measurements. The kinetic details of PET in the DMA−CNP− MV 2+ assembly in a confined RM medium provide prospects toward development of light energy conversion devices.
■ INTRODUCTIONInterfacial electron transfer (IET) plays a key role in many applications, such as water purification, 1 solar energy conversion, 2 molecular electronics, 3 etc., and hence has attracted the attention of scientists. In ET phenomena, the injection and recombination rates depend on the strength of electronic coupling between light-harvesting molecules serving as the electron donor and a charge transport semiconductor acting as the electron acceptor. A popular example can be cited for application of photoinduced ET (PET) in semiconductor quantum dot (QD) solar cells where the QDs act as lightharvesting materials. 4−6 ET rates in donor−bridge−acceptor systems can be controlled by tuning the electronic coupling strength through the use of polymeric bridges between QDs and mesoporous oxides. 4 Boehme et al. studied PET between CdTe and CdSe QDs in a QD film. 5 They reported that efficient electron trapping in CdTe QDs obstructs electron transfer to CdSe QDs under most conditions. These examples show that QD−metal oxide junctions are integral parts of nextgeneration solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and nanostructured electronic arrays. Comprehensive examination of ET at metal oxide junctions by Tvrdy et al. using a series of CdSe QD donors and metal oxide nanoparticle acceptors shows that the ET rate constants depend strongly on the change in the system free energy. 6 With a similar purpose, Zhao et al. investigated the rate of PET from PbS@CdS core@shell QDs to wide band gap semiconducting mesoporous films. 7 They could fine-tune the electron injection rate by determining the width and height of the energy barrier for tunneling from the core to the oxide films using different electron affinities of the metal oxides, core sizes, and shell thicknesses. Although there have been a wide range of studies on this aspect, controversies often emerge regarding the quantum efficiency and the rate of charge transfer. 8 Harris et al. attempted to provide a better understanding of the eve...