Dynamics of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine changes in serum and assessment of their diagnostic utility during lactation impairment in pigs

Pomorska‐Mól, Małgorzata; Wierzchosławski, Karol; Włodarek, Jan; Gogulski, Maciej; Pejsak, Z.

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.10.020

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…While the high and middle NAbs groups could induce superior neutralizing antibodies with respect to the low NAbs group, only those pigs in the groups with high NAbs titers exhibited exceptional survival rates at 10 weeks of age. Meanwhile, antiviral, modulatory, humoral and cellular immunity coregulating the dynamics of cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β, IL-12, IL-4 and IL-6 might also play critical roles during the inflammatory period against PRRSV [ 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. In addition, the existence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in host genes, such as GBP-1, Mx-1 and CD163, has also been attested to alleviate the viremia during PRRSV infections [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Neutralizing Antibodies (NAbs) between Sows and Piglets and Evaluation of Protectability Associated with Maternally Derived NAbs in Pigs against Circulating Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) under Field Conditions

et al. 2021

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which is caused by a highly transmissible pathogen called porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), has caused severe problems, including reproductive disorders in sows and respiratory symptoms in nursery pigs worldwide, since the early 1990s. However, currently available PRRSV vaccines do not supply complete immunity to confront the viral infection. Elicitation of PRRSV-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) during the preinfectious period has been deemed to be a feasible strategy to modulate this virus, especially in farms where nursery pigs are seized with PRRSVs. A total of 180 piglets in a farrow-to-finish farm that had a natural outbreak of PRRS were distributed into three groups based on the different PRRSV NAbs levels in their dams. In the present study, piglets that received superior maternal-transferred NAbs showed delayed and relatively slight viral loads in serum and, on the whole, higher survival rates against wild PRRSV infections. A positive correlation of maternal NAbs between sows and their piglets was identified; moreover, high NAbs titers in piglets can last for at least 4 weeks. These results provide updated information to develop an appropriate immune strategy for breeding and for future PRRSV control under field conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Neutralizing Antibodies (NAbs) between Sows and Piglets and Evaluation of Protectability Associated with Maternally Derived NAbs in Pigs against Circulating Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) under Field Conditions

et al. 2021

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“…During farrowing the substantial physiological changes associated can lead to inflammatory reactions in sows 6 . Furthermore, studies have found an increase in pro-inflammatory factors during early lactation that was significantly higher than during early pregnancy or during the late stages of lactation 7,8 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Fecal bacteria and metabolite responses to dietary lysozyme in a sow model from late gestation until lactation

Shi

Dong

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Lysozyme (LZM) is a natural anti-bacterial protein that is found in the saliva, tears and milk of all mammals including humans. Its anti-bacterial properties result from the ability to cleave bacterial cell walls, causing bacterial death. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary LZM on fecal microbial composition and variation in metabolites in sow. The addition of LZM decreased the fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Zonulin and endotoxin in the serum, and feces, were decreased with lysozyme supplementation. Furthermore, fecal concentrations of lipocalin-2 and the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α were also decreased while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased by lysozyme supplementation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region suggested that fecal microbial levels changed at different taxonomic levels with the addition of LZM. Representative changes included the reduction of diversity between sows, decreased Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes and Spirochaetes during lactation as well as an increase in Lactobacillus. These findings suggest that dietary lysozyme supplementation from late gestation to lactation promote microbial changes, which would potentially be the mechanisms by which maternal metabolites and inflammatory status was altered after LZM supplementation.Microbial diversity in sows' feces. A total of 54 fecal samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Average raw reads, average effective tags and average operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for each treatment were shown in Supplementary Table S1. A set of 1,272 OTUs existed in all treatments and were thus defined as core OTUs (Fig. S2). These comprised 71.5% of the total number of OTUs, whereas 44,37,52, 135,47, 105, 72,56 and 57 OTUs were uniquely identified at Con. d1, LZM 150 d1, LZM 300 d1, Con. d7, LZM 150 d7, LZM 300 d7, Con. d21, LZM 150 d21 and LZM 300 d21, respectively (Fig. S2). To determine the bacterial diversity, the alpha and beta diversity of the fecal microbiota were assessed. We then compared the richness (observed species and Chao 1 index) and diversity (Shannon index) indices for the alpha diversity. As demonstrated in Table 2, LZM 300 diets decreased the observed species and Chao 1 index at day 21 of lactation. The lactation stage had a significant effect on fecal microbial community richness, with a Chao 1 index on day 1 of lactation being lower than at other stages (P < 0.01). A decrease in Shannon index (fecal microbial community diversity) with LZM supplementation at 300 mg/kg was found on day 7 and 21 of lactation (P < 0.01). For the analysis of beta diversity, the relationships among Control, LZM 150 and LZM 300 on day 1, 7 and 21 of lactation in the gut microbiome were examined by principal component analysis. The gut microbiota of sows showed obvious segregation in the different treatments, especially in treatment LZM300 d21 (Fig. 3) based on weighted UniFrac distance. The PERMANOVA analysis found that the bacterial community structure was significantly (P < 0...

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“…In modern laboratory diagnostics, special attention is paid to acute-phase proteins as an indicator of mammary gland inflammation in cows and sows [43,[64][65][66]. It is important to note that APP might be also determined in milk, which makes sampling easier and less harmful for the animals [65].…”

Section: Acute-phase Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Novel Biomarkers for Mastitis Diagnosis in Sheep

Libera

Konieczny

Grabska

et al. 2021

Animals

Self Cite

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This review aims to characterize promising novel markers of ovine mastitis. Mastitis is considered as one of the primary factors for premature culling in dairy sheep and has noticeable financial, productional, and animal welfare-related implications. Furthermore, clinical, and subclinical mammary infections negatively affect milk yield and alter the milk composition, thereby leading to lowered quality of dairy products. It is, therefore, crucial to control and prevent mastitis through proper diagnosis, treatment or culling, and appropriate udder health management particularly at the end of the lactation period. The clinical form of mastitis is characterized by abnormalities in milk and mammary gland tissue alteration or systemic symptoms consequently causing minor diagnostic difficulties. However, to identify ewes with subclinical mastitis, laboratory diagnostics is crucial. Mastitis control is primarily dependent on determining somatic cell count (SCC) and the California Mastitis Test (CMT), which aim to detect the quantity of cells in the milk sample. The other useful diagnostic tool is microbial culture, which complements SCC and CMT. However, all mentioned diagnostic methods have their limitations and therefore novel biomarkers of ovine subclinical mastitis are highly desired. These sensitive indicators include acute-phase proteins, miRNA, and cathelicidins measurements, which could be determined in ovine serum and/or milk and in the future may become useful in early mastitis diagnostics as well as a preventive tool. This may contribute to increased detection of ovine mammary gland inflammation in sheep, especially in subclinical form, and consequently improves milk quality and quantity.

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Dynamics of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine changes in serum and assessment of their diagnostic utility during lactation impairment in pigs

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Correlation of Neutralizing Antibodies (NAbs) between Sows and Piglets and Evaluation of Protectability Associated with Maternally Derived NAbs in Pigs against Circulating Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) under Field Conditions

Correlation of Neutralizing Antibodies (NAbs) between Sows and Piglets and Evaluation of Protectability Associated with Maternally Derived NAbs in Pigs against Circulating Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) under Field Conditions

Fecal bacteria and metabolite responses to dietary lysozyme in a sow model from late gestation until lactation

Potential Novel Biomarkers for Mastitis Diagnosis in Sheep

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