Measurements of polarization scattering phase functions and spectral extinction coefficients were carried out in smoke aerosols formed as a result of thermal decomposition of wood materials, in a big aerosol chamber (BAC) of the IAO SB RAS. The results are presented of reconstructing of the parameters of the microstructure and the complex refractive index of smoke aerosols based on the developed algorithm for inverting optical measurements. Temporal variability of the microphysical characteristics of smoke is studied.