Dynamics of Mycobacterium leprae transmission in environmental context: Deciphering the role of environment as a potential reservoir

Turankar, Ravindra P.; Lavania, Mallika; Singh, Mukesh Vir; Sai, K.S.R. Siva; Jadhav, R. S.

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.10.023

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Thus, the predominance of SNP type 4 in Ceará is directly related to the Western African slaves. Similar to previous studies conducted in an endemic village in India, we found a concordance between the SNP subtyping (subtype 4-N) of M. leprae from skin biopsies and those from water samples 9,28 .…”

Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In addition, it reveals that the M. leprae genotype present in the collected water samples is the same as that found in the lesions of leprosy patients. Previous studies with environmental samples have also shown the presence of M. leprae DNA with varying positivity percentages: from 24 to 47.7% in water 8,15 ; 33.3%, 34.3%, and 37.5% in soil samples from the peridomicile of leprosy patients 9,10,16 ; and 21% in armadillos from endemic regions in Ceará 17 . CDERM: Dona Libânia National Reference Centre for Sanitary Dermatology; IRR: incidence rate ratio; CI: confidence interval; SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…A study conducted by Desikan and Sreevatsa 7 demonstrated the viability of M. leprae outside the human body under several unfavorable environmental conditions. In addition, the presence of M. leprae in water 8 , soil from villages where the disease is endemic 9 , and in the soil from the peridomicile of patients have also been reported 10 . Similarly, the viability of the bacillus within protozoan Acanthamoeba spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Presence of Mycobacterium leprae genotype 4 in environmental waters in Northeast Brazil

Holanda

Marques

Macedo

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: This study quantified Mycobacterium leprae bacilli in environmental water samples from five municipalities in the State of Ceará by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and compared the identified genotypes with those obtained from leprosy patient biopsies. Methods: We collected five replicas from each of the 30 selected reservoirs and skin lesion biopsies from 25 new leprosy cases treated at a reference center in Fortaleza, Ceará from 2010 to 2013. The 16S rRNA gene region of M. leprae was amplified by qPCR and a standard curve was created with the pIDTBlue 16SrRNAMlep plasmid. The Juazeiro do Norte water samples and the biopsies were genotyped (single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] 1 to 4) and the SNP 4 genotypes were subtyped. Results: Of the 149 water samples analyzed, 54.4% were positive for the M. leprae DNA. The M. leprae bacilli copy number ranged from 1.42 × 10 -1 to 1.44 × 10 + 2 . Most biopsies showed SNP type 4 (64%), while all samples from Juazeiro do Norte were SNP type 4, with subtype 4-N appearing at the highest frequency. Conclusions: We suggest that environmental waters containing M. leprae bacilli play an important role in disease transmission, justifying PGL-1 seropositivity in individuals living in areas where there is no reported case, and in leprosy cases individuals who report no previous contact with other case. Therefore, further investigation is needed to clarify disease transmission in this region and to explore the role of the environment. We also suggest that in this area surveillance for leprosy cases should be intensified.

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Section: Tablesupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Presence of Mycobacterium leprae genotype 4 in environmental waters in Northeast Brazil

Holanda

Marques

Macedo

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…The mycobacterial isolates from soil were identified as M. fortuitum, whereas the uncultured sequences obtained from soil DNA fell into a few closely related groups, either M. fortuitum or other fast-growing mycobacteria, like M. tokaiense, or M. austroafricanum and M. heidelbergense. However, the method described in this study based on the sequencing of a 473 bp region of the 16SrRNA gene, cannot be used to discriminate many species that are human and animal pathogens, i.e., M. tuberculosis, M. avium, M. bovis and M. leprae, although sequences belonging to this group were identified (Chilima et al 2006;Lavania et al 2008;Turankar et al 2012).…”

Section: Mycobacteria In Soilmentioning

confidence: 90%

Mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air: a review

Hruška¹,

Kaevska²

2012

Vet. Med.

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Amazingly, despite the 24 143 papers on mycobacteria, indexed in the Web of Science database during the last six years, published by 67 008 authors from 13 128 organizations located in 166 countries or territories, internationally accepted legal directives on how to control the public health risk associated with environmental mycobacteria have yet to be developed. Mycobacteria are human and animal pathogens, causing not only tuberculosis and leprosy, but mycobacterioses of skin, soft tissues and lung. Due to their cell wall composition and their adaptability mycobacteria can survive in different habitats for years. Their immunomodulatory ability has been recognised for more than 50 years and hundreds of papers published during the last two decades have demonstrated that small chemical products derived from mycobacterial cells participate in inflammatory pathways involved the pathogenesis of important human diseases like Crohn's disease, asthma, type 1 diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, arthrosis, Blau syndrom, sarcoidosis, autism etc. Mycobacteria can influence inflammatory pathways not only as live organisms, but also by means of components derived from dead cells. Pasteurisation or cooking does not affect this ability. Hence, how many mycobacterial cells are ingested, what factors play a role concurrently, and how long the harmful effect persists become important questions. This paper presents only a short review based on selected papers about mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air with the aim of attracting attention to this significant global problem and of making the first steps towards protection of people. Selected bibliographic references of published data from 2007 to 2012 are presented in easy-to-navigate tables.Keywords: Mycobacterium; water; soil; plant; vegetables; air; biofilm; sediment; determination; zoonoses; food safety List of abbreviations CFU = colony forming units; DGGE = denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis; IMS = immuno-magnetic separation; IS = insertion sequence; ITS = intergenic transcribed spacer; MAC = Mycobacterium avium complex; MAP/Map = Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; MTC = Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; MWF = metal working fluids; nPCR = nested PCR; NTM = non-tuberculous mycobacteria; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; PPM = potentially pathogenic mycobacteria; qPCR = quantitative real time PCR; RFLP = restriction fragment length polymorphism

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“…Penempatan handuk yang tidak tepat seusai mandi dapat menyebabkan handuk semakin lembab, merupakan kondisi ideal yang memungkinkan M. leprae dapat hidup. 16,17 Pemakaian handuk yang tidak terpisah merupakan salah satu faktor higiene perorangan yang dapat memengaruhi penularan kusta. 4,6 Kebiasaan menjemur handuk di bawah terik mata hari dapat membunuh mikroorganisme yang tidak dapat bertahan hidup di bawah paparan sinar ultra violet, termasuk M. leprae.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Hubungan Higiene Perorangan Anak dengan Kejadian Kusta Anak di Kabupaten Pasuruan Tahun 2014-2015

Amira¹,

Sulistyorini

2017

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Latar belakang. Faktor higiene perorangan yang baik merupakan faktor yang dapat mencegah penularan kusta. Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara higiene perorangan dengan kejadian kusta. Kasus kusta anak merupakan indikasi masih adanya penularan aktif di masyarakat. Tujuan. Menganalisis hubungan antara aspek higiene perorangan anak yang meliputi kebersihan badan dan rambut, kebersihan tempat tidur dan kebersihan handuk dengan kejadian kusta anak di Kabupaten Pasuruan tahun 2014-2015. Metode. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain kasus kontrol dilakukan selama bulan Maret-Juni 2016 dengan sampel kasus dan kontrol masing-masing 16 sampel di Kabupaten Pasuruan. Hasil. Kebersihan badan dan rambut anak yang kurang baik merupakan faktor risiko penularan kusta anak di Kabupaten Pasuruan tahun 2014-2015 (OR: 5,000; IK95% 1,096-22,820). Kebersihan handuk yang kurang baik merupakan faktor risiko penularan kusta anak tahun 2014 IK95% 1,227-110,953. Kebersihan tempat tidur bukan merupakan faktor risiko penularan kusta anak di Kabupaten Pasuruan tahun 2014. Sari Pediatri 201618(3):187-91 Kata kunci: kusta anak, higiene perorangan, faktor risiko

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Dynamics of Mycobacterium leprae transmission in environmental context: Deciphering the role of environment as a potential reservoir

Cited by 47 publications

References 21 publications

Presence of Mycobacterium leprae genotype 4 in environmental waters in Northeast Brazil

Presence of Mycobacterium leprae genotype 4 in environmental waters in Northeast Brazil

Mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air: a review

Hubungan Higiene Perorangan Anak dengan Kejadian Kusta Anak di Kabupaten Pasuruan Tahun 2014-2015

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