Dynamics of mercury fluxes and their controlling factors in large Hg-polluted floodplain areas

Rinklebe, Jörg; During, Anja; Overesch, Mark; Laing, Gijs Du; Wennrich, Rainer; Stärk, Hans‐Joachim; Mothes, Sibylle

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2009.07.001

Cited by 77 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In addition, Hg may enter the foliage by recycling processes, releasing GEM from underlying soil surfaces (Millhollen et al, 2006b). Soil-air GEM exchange is controlled by numerous factors, including physicochemical properties of soil substrate and abiotic/biotic processes in the soil, meteorological conditions, and atmospheric composition (Bahlmann et al, 2006;Carpi and Lindberg, 1997;Engle et al, 2005;Fritsche et al, 2008a;Gustin, 2011;Rinklebe et al, 2010;Mauclair et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2008). The majority of reported GEM flux measurements over terrestrial soils have indicated net emission in warmer seasons and near-zero fluxes in cold temperatures (Sommar et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) fluxes over canopy of two typical subtropical forests in south China

Luo

Wang

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Mercury (Hg) exchange between forests and the atmosphere plays an important role in global Hg cycling. The present estimate of global emission of Hg from natural source has large uncertainty, partly due to the lack of chronical and valid field data, particularly for terrestrial surfaces in China, the most important contributor to global atmospheric Hg. In this study, the micrometeorological method (MM) was used to continuously observe gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) fluxes over forest canopy at a mildly polluted site (Qianyanzhou, QYZ) and a moderately polluted site (Huitong, HT, near a large Hg mine) in subtropical south China for a full year from January to December in 2014. The GEM flux measurements over forest canopy in QYZ and HT showed net emission with annual average values of 6.67 and 0.30 ng m −2 h −1 , respectively. Daily variations of GEM fluxes showed an increasing emission with the increasing air temperature and solar radiation in the daytime to a peak at 13:00, and decreasing emission thereafter, even as a GEM sink or balance at night. High temperature and low air Hg concentration resulted in the high Hg emission in summer. Low temperature in winter and Hg absorption by plant in spring resulted in low Hg emission, or even adsorption in the two seasons. GEM fluxes were positively correlated with air temperature, soil temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation, while it is negatively correlated with air humidity and atmospheric GEM concentration. The lower emission fluxes of GEM at the moderately polluted site (HT) when compared with that in the mildly polluted site (QYZ) may result from a much higher adsorption fluxes at night in spite of a similar or higher emission fluxes during daytime. This shows that the higher atmospheric GEM concentration at HT restricted the forest GEM emission. Great attention should be paid to forests as a crucial increasing Hg emission source with the decreasing atmospheric GEM concentration in polluted areas because of Hg emission abatement in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) fluxes over canopy of two typical subtropical forests in south China

Luo

Wang

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Our funnels were installed several weeks before making any measurements in order to minimize this disturbance. However, the alternative was to remove a large volume of soil and measure TGM concentrations in a controlled environment similar to the technique used in Rinklebe et al 2010 and many others. The removal technique also has several limitations which were unacceptable from our perspective.…”

Section: Concern 6: Inserting the Funnel Top Down And Then Replacing mentioning

confidence: 99%

Letter to the Editor in Chief: Rebuttal to the Letter to the Editor in Chief by Jörg Rinklebe, Rainer Wennrich, Sibylle Mothes Concerning the Article “A Simple and Accurate Method to Measure Total Gaseous Mercury Concentrations in Unsaturated Soils” by Moore et al., DOI:10.1007/s11270-010-0691-7

Moore

Castro

Brooks

2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…The dataset was collected during seven sampling campaigns, which contained all seasons. Soil microcosm experiments under definite temperature and soil water conditions were carried out to study the impact of the main controlling factors on Hg emission from the soils (Rinklebe et al, 2009;2010). To measure TGM emissions, the system described by Rinklebe et al (2009), modified from Böhme et al (2005), was used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One example is the Elbe River in Germany and its catchment areas; large amounts of heavy metals including Hg from a range of anthropogenic and geogenic sources have been accumulated in the soils of these floodplains (Rinklebe et al, 2009(Rinklebe et al, , 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is distributed widespread all over the world and can be found in various environmental compartments such as floodplains (e.g., Devai et al, 2005;Overesch et al, 2007;Rinklebe et al, 2009). Many floodplain soils have accumulated large amounts of Hg as a result of atmospheric deposition or through transport from the watershed (e.g., Boening, 2000;During et al, 2009;Rinklebe et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mercury emissions from flooded soils and sediments in Germany are an underestimated problem: challenges for reliable risk assessments and management strategies

Rinklebe

Wennrich

Laing

et al. 2013

E3S Web of Conferences

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Abstract.Environmental pollution by mercury is a world-wide problem. Particularly floodplain ecosystems are frequently affected. One example is the Elbe River in Germany and its catchment areas; large amounts of Hg from a range of anthropogenic and geogenic sources have been accumulated in the soils of these floodplains. They serve as sink for Hg originating from the surface water of adjacent river. Today, the vastly elevated Hg contents of the floodplain soils at the Elbe River often exceed even the action values of the German Soil Conservation Law. This is especially important as Hg polluted areas at the Elbe River achieve several hundred square kilometres. Thus, authorities are coerced by law to conduct an appropriate risk assessment and to implement practical actions to eliminate or reduce environmental problems. A reliable risk assessment particularly with view to organisms (vegetation as green fodder and hay production, grazing and wild animals) to avoid the transfer of Hg into the human food chain, requires an authentic determination of Hg fluxes and their dynamics since gaseous emissions from soil to atmosphere are an important pathway of Hg. However, reliable estimates of Hg fluxes from the highly polluted floodplain soils at the Elbe River and its tributaries, and its influencing factors are scarce. For this purpose, we have developed a new method to determine mercury emissions from soils at various sites. Our objectives were i) to quantify seasonal variations of total gaseous mercury (TGM) fluxes for floodplain soils at the Elbe River, ii) to provide insights into physico-chemical processes regulating these TGM fluxes, and iii) to quantify the impacts of the controlling factors soil temperature and soil water content on Hg volatilization from a typical contaminated floodplain soil within soil microcosm experiments under various controlled temperature and moisture conditions. Our study provides insight into TGM emissions from highly Hg-polluted floodplain soils in Germany and that those emissions are an underestimated problem. Current needs for reliable risk assessments, the induced implications for authorities, and future challenges will be discussed. The presented data will contribute to a better understanding of seasonal dynamics of Hg fluxes and its controlling factors. This presentation should be of large interest for a wide international audience, such as environmental scientists and managers, applied ecologists, and authorities.

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Dynamics of mercury fluxes and their controlling factors in large Hg-polluted floodplain areas

Abstract: Dynamics of mercury fluxes and their controlling factors in large Hg-polluted floodplain areas.Environmental Pollution, 158, 308-318.

Cited by 77 publications

References 48 publications

Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) fluxes over canopy of two typical subtropical forests in south China

Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) fluxes over canopy of two typical subtropical forests in south China

Mercury emissions from flooded soils and sediments in Germany are an underestimated problem: challenges for reliable risk assessments and management strategies

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