Dynamics of memory-guided choice behavior in &lt;i&gt;Drosophila&lt;/i&gt;

Ichinose, Toshiharu; Tanimoto, Hiromu

doi:10.2183/pjab.92.346

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Further functional dissections revealed that different subpopulations of DANs and MBONs encode information regarding the sweet vs. caloric value of the ingested food (Das et al, 2014 ), water reward (Shyu et al, 2017 ), aversive taste (Masek et al, 2015 ), electric shock memory (Unoki et al, 2005 ; Aso et al, 2010 ), and even specific short and long-term memory formation (Aso et al, 2014b ). Memory formation, consolidation, retrieval, reconsolidation and/or extinction have been shown to occur via neuronal activities in specific parts of the MBONs and specific subsets of reinforcing DANs (Berry et al, 2012 , 2015 ; Shuai et al, 2015 ; Aso and Rubin, 2016 ; Ichinose and Tanimoto, 2016 ) reviewed by Cognigni et al ( 2018 ). Intriguingly, re-evaluation of previously learned appetitive memory was shown to be conveyed by the activity of a subset of MBONs that is anatomically connected to both aversive and appetitive DANs, and that extinction or re-consolidation of appetitive memories requires activity of both during re-evaluation (Felsenberg et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Drug-unrelated Studies and Their Contribution To Understandimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Underlying the Risk to Develop Drug Addiction, Insights From Studies in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability to adapt to environmental changes is an essential feature of biological systems, achieved in animals by a coordinated crosstalk between neuronal and hormonal programs that allow rapid and integrated organismal responses. Reward systems play a key role in mediating this adaptation by reinforcing behaviors that enhance immediate survival, such as eating or drinking, or those that ensure long-term survival, such as sexual behavior or caring for offspring. Drugs of abuse co-opt neuronal and molecular pathways that mediate natural rewards, which under certain circumstances can lead to addiction. Many factors can contribute to the transition from drug use to drug addiction, highlighting the need to discover mechanisms underlying the progression from initial drug use to drug addiction. Since similar responses to natural and drug rewards are present in very different animals, it is likely that the central systems that process reward stimuli originated early in evolution, and that common ancient biological principles and genes are involved in these processes. Thus, the neurobiology of natural and drug rewards can be studied using simpler model organisms that have their systems stripped of some of the immense complexity that exists in mammalian brains. In this paper we review studies in Drosophila melanogaster that model different aspects of natural and drug rewards, with an emphasis on how motivational states shape the value of the rewarding experience, as an entry point to understanding the mechanisms that contribute to the vulnerability of drug addiction.

show abstract

Section: Drug-unrelated Studies and Their Contribution To Understandimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Underlying the Risk to Develop Drug Addiction, Insights From Studies in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Specifically, flies in behavioral chambers (as used here) are in constant motion, so that they repeatedly enter and exit the odor plume, and make multiple decisions each time 54,60,61 . In contrast, flies in the T-maze (as used in 15 ) make fewer decisions and reach steady state more rapidly 62 . Another difference is that flies in a T-maze make their decision within 3-4 seconds 63 , whereas the standard analysis of the behavioral chambers takes into account a two minute window with repeated decisions 54,60,61 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Role for a Defined Lateral Horn Neuron Subset in Naïve Odor Valence in Drosophila

Lerner

Rozenfeld

Rozenman

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Value coding of external stimuli in general, and odor valence in particular, is crucial for survival. In flies, odor valence is thought to be coded by two types of neurons: mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) and lateral horn (LH) neurons. MBONs are classified as neurons that promote either attraction or aversion, but not both, and they are dynamically activated by upstream neurons. This dynamic activation updates the valence values. In contrast, LH neurons receive scaled, but non-dynamic, input from their upstream neurons. It remains unclear how such a non-dynamic system generates differential valence values. Recently, PD2a1/b1 LH neurons were demonstrated to promote approach behavior at low odor concentration in starved flies. Here, we demonstrate that at high odor concentrations, these same neurons contribute to avoidance in satiated flies. The contribution of PD2a1/b1 LH neurons to aversion is context dependent. It is diminished in starved flies, although PD2a1/b1 neural activity remains unchanged, and at lower odor concentration. In addition, PD2a1/b1 aversive effect develops over time. Thus, our results indicate that, even though PD2a1/b1 LH neurons transmit hardwired output, their effect on valence can change. Taken together, we suggest that the valence model described for MBONs does not hold for LH neurons.In order to survive, animals must attach value to external stimuli, be it due to innate or learned behavior. In particular, the ability to accurately evaluate potential food resources is a critical trait for survival. To make such an assessment, animals use many senses, with olfaction often serving as a primary cue. The Drosophila olfactory system resembles that of mammals, including our own, and uses similar principles to decode olfactory information 1,2 . Odors bind to olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), which are located in the antennae and maxillary palps, where each ORN expresses a single type of odorant receptor (OR) 3-5 . All ORNs expressing the same OR converge onto the same region in the antennal lobe termed the glomerulus 6-8 . Second-order excitatory cholinergic projection neurons (ePNs) have dendrites that are restricted to a single glomerulus, whereas inhibitory GABAergic projection neurons (iPNs) are mostly multiglomerular 9 . Both PN types project to the lateral horn (LH), whereas only ePNs project to the calyx of the mushroom body (MB) 9 . Until recently, associative learning and memory processes were generally believed to occur in the MB, with innate behavior driven by the LH 10,11 . However, although the LH is still believed to contribute greatly to innate behavior, it has become apparent that the rigid functional distinction between the two neuropils cannot be upheld. There is now evidence that the MB also plays a role in some innate olfactory behaviors, mostly attractive 12-14 , while the LH is involved in some forms of associative memory 15 .The LH compartment contains over 1300 cells that are categorized into over 150 types, each with individual morphology 16 . Cells that share mor...

show abstract

“…We created a revised T-maze apparatus specialized for silkworm experiments. Following previous efforts [ 21 ], the device had two channels leading to a reward and punishment, respectively. There were two rooms in each channel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solitary Living Brings a Decreased Weight and an Increased Agility to the Domestic Silkworm, Bombyx mori

Zhu

Tan

Xiao

et al. 2021

Insects

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The domestic silkworms, Bombyx mori, always live in groups and little is known of the outcomes of solitary living. We bred solitary silkworms and performed a comprehensive investigation of the difference between solitary and group-living silkworms. The results show that solitary silkworms had significantly lower weights than group-living counterparts. Moreover, solitary silkworms had faster movements under food luring or heat stress than the group-living ones, supported by extensive behavior experiments. These findings inferred that an increased agility resulted from solitary living. For an understanding of the molecular mechanism associated with solitary living, we performed integrated mRNA and miRNA (microRNA) sequencing of tissues for solitary and group-living silkworms. We identified 165 differently expressed genes (DEGs) and 6 differently expressed miRNAs between the solitary and group-living silkworms. Functional and pathway analyses indicated that these DEGs are associated with weight loss and agility increase. These findings compose a sketch depicting an association between the phenotypes and genes resulted from solitary living and refresh the understanding of solitary living and loneliness, which has an increased prevalence in our modern society.

show abstract

Dynamics of memory-guided choice behavior in <i>Drosophila</i>

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

Mechanisms Underlying the Risk to Develop Drug Addiction, Insights From Studies in Drosophila melanogaster

Mechanisms Underlying the Risk to Develop Drug Addiction, Insights From Studies in Drosophila melanogaster

Differential Role for a Defined Lateral Horn Neuron Subset in Naïve Odor Valence in Drosophila

Solitary Living Brings a Decreased Weight and an Increased Agility to the Domestic Silkworm, Bombyx mori

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About