Dynamics of Lipid Peroxidation Processes and Development of Pulmonary Edema Following Acute Blood Loss of Varying Severity and Its Mitigation

Abstract

Acute blood loss stands as a primary contributor to fatalities among individuals with severe trauma. While balanced crystalloids and antioxidants are used for corrective measures, their impact on lung condition after acute blood loss remains inadequately explored. This study aims at elucidating the shifts in lipid peroxidation processes and the progression of pulmonary edema in response to varying degrees of acute blood loss and to assess the effectiveness of correction by using balanced crystalloids in combination with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate. Materials and methods. Acute blood loss of 1 and 2% of body weight was modeled in the experiments on rats and to assess the efficacy of its correction by using lactated Ringer’s solution separately and in combination with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate. We determined the levels of reagents reacting with thiobarbituric acid in lung parenchyma and bronchoalveolar lavage, as well as the index of pulmonary edema at intervals of 1, 3, and 7 days during the post-traumatic period. Results. Our findings revealed that the simulation of acute blood loss at 2% of body weight resulted in significantly greater increases in lipid peroxidation processes in both lung parenchyma and bronchoalveolar lavage when compared to rats simulating blood loss at 1% of their body weight. Starting from the 3rd day of the experiment, this also led to a higher index of pulmonary edema. The administration of lactated Ringer's solution in a 1:1 ratio relative to the volume of lost blood, in combination with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate, produced statistically significant improvements in the examined parameters compared to rats receiving an equivalent dose of lactated Ringer's solution alone. Conclusions. Acute blood loss equivalent to 2% of body weight leads to a more pronounced activation of lipid peroxidation processes in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage, accompanied by an increase in the pulmonary edema index when compared to blood loss equivalent to 1% of body weight. The combined administration of lactated Ringer's solution and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate yields a more substantial corrective effect compared to rats treated solely with lactated Ringer's solution.