Dynamics of light-induced water cleavage in colloidal systems

Duonghong, Dung; Borgarello, Enrico; Gräetzel, Michael

doi:10.1021/ja00406a004

Cited by 487 publications

(249 citation statements)

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“…An improved system consisted of a TiO 2 colloidal light absorber and Pt and RuO 2 co-catalysts for water reduction and oxidation, respectively (Fig. 2) [42]. Even though water splitting was not achieved in this system (O 2 evolution was later attributed to air contamination) [28,75], the structure exemplifies the design principles of a 'photochemical diode' [76].…”

Section: Brief History Of Nanoscale Water Splitting Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 93%

“…For photochemical water splitting, the quasi Fermi levels E Fn and E Fh of the illuminated catalysts need to be above and below the water redox potentials. Band bending φ, maximum possible energy output (q Â V OC ), and electrochemical overpotentials for anodic η A and cathodic η C processes are also shown [42]. Copyright 1981, American Chemical Society modified GaN:ZnO (QE ¼ 2.5%, pure water, visible light) [33][34][35] achieve less than 0.1% STH because of low sunlight absorption (E G of La:KTaO 3 is 3.6 eV) and recombination losses at the surfaces of the particles.…”

Section: Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting As a Pathway To Sustainmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Nanoscale Effects in Water Splitting Photocatalysis

Osterloh

2015

Topics in Current Chemistry

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From a conceptual standpoint, the water photoelectrolysis reaction is the simplest way to convert solar energy into fuel. It is widely believed that nanostructured photocatalysts can improve the efficiency of the process and lower the costs. Indeed, nanostructured light absorbers have several advantages over traditional materials. This includes shorter charge transport pathways and larger redox active surface areas. It is also possible to adjust the energetics of small particles via the quantum size effect or with adsorbed ions. At the same time, nanostructured absorbers have significant disadvantages over conventional ones. The larger surface area promotes defect recombination and reduces the photovoltage that can be drawn from the absorber. The smaller size of the particles also makes electron-hole separation more difficult to achieve. This chapter discusses these issues using selected examples from the literature and from the laboratory of the author.

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Section: Brief History Of Nanoscale Water Splitting Photocatalysismentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting As a Pathway To Sustainmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nanoscale Effects in Water Splitting Photocatalysis

Osterloh

2015

Topics in Current Chemistry

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“…The advantages of such metal-semiconductor hybrid structures have been demonstrated in various applications such as photocatalysts for solar energy conversion with enhanced efficiencies and field-effect transistors with high mobility and current on/off ratio. [18,19] Pearson et al reported CuTCNQ microrods decorated with gold nanoparticles via a galvanic replacement reaction in aqueous solution. [20,21] Recently, Xiao et al reported the reaction between Ag nanoparticles and TCNQ microparticles in aqueous solution which led to the formation of hybrid Ag nanoparticle-decorated AgTCNQ nanowire materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decorating Semiconductor Silver-Tetracyanoquinodimethane Nanowires with Silver Nanoparticles from Ionic Liquids

et al. 2014

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Hybrid semiconducting silver-tetracyanoquinodimethane (AgTCNQ) nanowires decorated with Ag nanoparticles have been synthesized at room temperature in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. Hydroquinone was applied to reduce Ag þ and TCNQ to silver nanoparticles, and TCNQ À , respectively, under ambient conditions. AgTCNQ nanowires were formed via spontaneous electrolysis between Ag metal nanoparticles and TCNQ, and reaction between Ag þ and TCNQ À . Microscopic, spectroscopic, and X-ray characterizations all confirmed the formation of crystalline Ag nanoparticle-AgTCNQ nanowire hybrid structures. The ionic liquid was used as a reaction medium, but also as a stabilizing (or blocking) agent to control the nucleation and growth rate of AgTCNQ wires.

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“…Thus, different strategies have been adopted in order to improve this efficiency, including: i) varying the sizes of the nanoparticles, 10 ii) doping with metal/non-metal ions, 11 iii) coupling the titanium dioxide with low band gap semiconductors, 12 and iv) supporting metallic/metal oxide nanoparticles on the oxide surface to promote electron and hole transfer reactions at the TiO 2 /substrate interface. 13,14 In addition, it is desirable to produce TiO 2 structures composed mainly of the anatase phase, because it has higher catalytic activity than the rutile phase. 3 In general, anodic TiO 2 NTs photocatalytic activity enhancement is also achieved by metal/non-metal ion doping, sensitization with lower band gap semiconductors and supported metal NPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of TiO2 nanotube arrays with simultaneous Au nanoparticles impregnation: photocatalysts for hydrogen production

Feil¹,

Migowski²,

Scheffer³

et al. 2010

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um novo método para a fabricação de nanotubos (NTs) de TiO 2 organizados e impregnados com nanopartículas (NPs) de ouro foi desenvolvido, e as propriedades estruturais, morfológicas e ópticas dos NTs obtidos foram investigadas. Os arranjos de NTs de TiO 2 foram crescidos pela oxidação anódica de Ti metálico utilizando soluções eletrolíticas contendo íons fluoreto e NPs de Au. As estruturas resultantes foram caracterizadas por espectrometria de retroespalhamento Rutherford (RBS), difratometria de raios X com incidência rasante (GIXRD), microscopias eletrônicas de transmissão (TEM) e de varredura (SEM) e espectroscopia UV-Vis. Tanto os arranjos de NTs sem Au quanto os impregnados com Au mostraram atividade fotocatalítica boa e estável na geração de hidrogênio a partir de misturas água/metanol. Os nanotubos de TiO 2 contendo Au foram mais ativos na fotogeração de hidrogênio do que os NTs de TiO 2 sem Au.A novel method for the fabrication of TiO 2 nanotubes (NTs) impregnated with gold nanoparticles (NPs) is reported. TiO 2 NT arrays were grown by anodic oxidation of Ti metal using fluoride electrolytes containing Au NPs. Resulting structures were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry (GIXRD), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Au-free and Au-impregnated TiO 2 NT arrays showed good and stable photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation from water/methanol solutions. Au-containing TiO 2 NTs presented higher hydrogen photogeneration activity than Au-free TiO 2 NTs.

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Dynamics of light-induced water cleavage in colloidal systems

Cited by 487 publications

References 0 publications

Nanoscale Effects in Water Splitting Photocatalysis

Nanoscale Effects in Water Splitting Photocatalysis

Decorating Semiconductor Silver-Tetracyanoquinodimethane Nanowires with Silver Nanoparticles from Ionic Liquids

Growth of TiO2 nanotube arrays with simultaneous Au nanoparticles impregnation: photocatalysts for hydrogen production

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