Dynamics of leukocytes and cytokines during experimentally induced Streptococcus uberis mastitis

Rambeaud, Magdalena; Almeida, Ricardo Augusto Monteiro de Barros; Pighetti, Gina M.; Oliver, S. P.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2003.08.008

Cited by 93 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Through the further course of the inflammatory response the proportion of PMN was decreasing. These findings were similar to the results of studies already published (Rambeaud et al, 2003;Bannerman et al, 2004;Sladek et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Expression of CD14 and CD44 on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes during resolution of mammary inflammatory response induced by muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide

Langrova¹,

Sládek²,

Rysanek³

2008

Vet. Med. - Czech

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The aim of the study was to prove the effect of muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide on the expression of CD14 and CD44 during an induced inflammatory response of the mammary gland and its resolution. The purpose was to clarify whether the CD14 and CD44 expression is controlled by the mechanisms of resolution. The CD44 had previously been judged to be an activation marker along with CD11b on polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The experimental inflammatory response was induced by muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide, while phosphate buffered saline was used as a control. The course of the inflammatory response was monitored at four time points: 24 h and 48 h (initiation of inflammatory response), 72 h and 168 h (resolution of inflammatory response). The total number of cells was determined by a hemocytometer. Flow cytometry was used to determine differential counts of leukocytes, proportions of CD11b+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes, proportions of apoptotic and necrotic polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and proportions of CD14+ and CD44+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The proportion of CD11b+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes after induction of inflammation with muramyldipeptide was higher (P < 0.05) compared to that after induction by phosphate buffered saline, was highly significantly greater after lipopolysaccharide (P < 0.01), and remained at approximately the same level for the whole period of observation (168 h). A higher proportion of CD14+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes was observed 72 h after induction with phosphate buffered saline. A statistically highly significant lower proportion was observed after induction with muramyldipeptide (P < 0.01), and a statistically significant lower proportion was observed after induction with lipopolysaccharide (P < 0.05). Decrease in the proportion of CD14+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes followed. In the initial phase of the inflammatory response (24 to 72 h) there was a gradual increase in the proportion of CD44+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and more so after the phosphate buffered saline. A greatly lower proportion of CD44+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes was observed after administration of muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide: 24 h (P < 0.01), 48 h (P < 0.05) and 72 h (P < 0.01). Compared with muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide, there was a statistically highly significant (P < 0.01) lower proportion of CD44+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes observed 168 h after induction with phosphate buffered saline. Hence the proportion of CD44+ polymorphonuclear leukocytes is low in the initial phase of inflammation, and CD44, in contrast with CD11b, does not appear to be a polymorphonuclear marker of activation. The results of the study have shown that expression of CD14 and CD44 is controlled by the factors inducing inflammatory response as well as by the mechanisms of resolution.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Expression of CD14 and CD44 on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes during resolution of mammary inflammatory response induced by muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide

Langrova¹,

Sládek²,

Rysanek³

2008

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…In contrast to cows challenged with S. marcescens, elevations in core temperature and heightened levels of circulating LBP in S. uberis-infected cows preceded detectable increases in these cytokines. Increases in the production of TNF-α and IL-1β in these cows at ≥ 60 h are consistent with the findings of the only other report to assay for these cytokines during S. uberis IMI [42]. The induction of fever and acute phase hepatic synthesis prior to increases in TNF-α and IL-1β may be due to the upregulation of other cytokines such as IL-6, which can similarly elicit these responses [28,31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Innate immune response to intramammary infection with Serratia marcescens and Streptococcus uberis

et al. 2004

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-Streptococcus uberis and Serratia marcescens are Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively, that induce clinical mastitis. Once initial host barrier systems have been breached by these pathogens, the innate immune system provides the next level of defense against these infectious agents. The innate immune response is characterized by the induction of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as increases in other accessory proteins that facilitate host recognition and elimination of the pathogens. The objective of the current study was to characterize the innate immune response during clinical mastitis elicited by these two important, yet less wellstudied, Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. The pro-inflammatory cytokine response and changes in the levels of the innate immune accessory recognition proteins, soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP), were studied. Decreased milk output, induction of a febrile response, and increased acute phase synthesis of LBP were all characteristic of the systemic response to intramammary infection with either organism. Infection with either bacteria similarly resulted in increased milk levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, sCD14, LBP, and the complement component, C5a. However, the duration of and/or maximal changes in the increased levels of these inflammatory markers were significantly different for several of the inflammatory parameters assayed. In particular, S. uberis infection was characterized by the sustained elevation of higher milk levels of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, and C5a, relative to S. marcescens infection. Together, these data demonstrate the variability of the innate immune response to two distinct mastitis pathogens. cytokines / innate immunity / mastitis / Serratia / Streptococcus

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“…In a mastitis model with another Grampositive pathogen, Streptococcus uberis, IL-1 and TNF-were found in milk, but only when clinical signs had developed, at least 48 h after the initial recruitment of leucocytes in milk [3,41]. The low and delayed TNFand IL-1 responses may contribute to the apparent inefficiency of neutrophils to control the initial stages of intramammary infections by Gram-positive bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureuslipoteichoic acid triggers inflammation in the lactating bovine mammary gland

et al. 2008

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-The response of the bovine mammary gland to lipoteichoic acid (LTA), which is a major pathogen-associated molecular pattern of Gram-positive bacteria, was investigated by infusing purified Staphylococcus aureus LTA in the lumen of the gland. LTA was able to induce clinical mastitis at the dose of 100 g/quarter, and a subclinical inflammatory response at 10 g/quarter. The induced inflammation was characterized by a prompt and massive influx of neutrophils in milk. LTA proved to induce strongly the secretion of the chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3 and CXCL8, which target mainly neutrophils. The complement-derived chemoattractant C5a was generated in milk only with the highest dose of LTA (100 g). The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 was induced in milk, but there was very little if any TNF-and no IFN-. The re-assessment of CXCL8 concentrations in milk whey of quarters previously challenged with S. aureus, by using an ELISA designed for bovine CXCL8, showed that this chemokine was induced in milk, contradicting previous reports. Overall, S. aureus LTA elicited mammary inflammatory responses that shared several attributes with S. aureus mastitis. Purified LTA looks promising as a convenient tool to investigate the inflammatory and immune responses of the mammary gland to S. aureus. Staphylococcus aureus / mastitis / cattle / lipoteichoic acid / chemokine

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Dynamics of leukocytes and cytokines during experimentally induced Streptococcus uberis mastitis

Cited by 93 publications

References 26 publications

Expression of CD14 and CD44 on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes during resolution of mammary inflammatory response induced by muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide

Expression of CD14 and CD44 on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes during resolution of mammary inflammatory response induced by muramyldipeptide and lipopolysaccharide

Innate immune response to intramammary infection with Serratia marcescens and Streptococcus uberis

Staphylococcus aureuslipoteichoic acid triggers inflammation in the lactating bovine mammary gland

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