Dynamics of influenza A (avian influenza) virus in poultry in the Greater Accra region of Ghana amongst the production levels

Shaban, Salisu; Kyei, Foster; Awuni, Joseph A.; Danquah, Andrews; Odoom, Theophilus; Yingar, Daniel Natasha Yaw Tawiah; Ababio, Patrick Tetteh; Emikpe, Benjamin Obukowho

doi:10.1080/15321819.2021.1952426

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Viruses 2022, 14, 1263 2 of 14 sporadic detections in Eurasia and North America, since the mid-1990s H9 viruses have expanded their geographic range to large territories of Asia, the Middle East and Africa [2][3][4][5] becoming endemic in domestic Galliformes [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The dissemination of H9 viruses in different continents resulted in the establishment of two distinct phylogeographic lineages: the American and the Eurasian.…”

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confidence: 99%

Redesign and Validation of a Real-Time RT-PCR to Improve Surveillance for Avian Influenza Viruses of the H9 Subtype

Panzarin

Marciano

Fortin

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Avian influenza viruses of the H9 subtype cause significant losses to poultry production in endemic regions of Asia, Africa and the Middle East and pose a risk to human health. The availability of reliable and updated diagnostic tools for H9 surveillance is thus paramount to ensure the prompt identification of this subtype. The genetic variability of H9 represents a challenge for molecular-based diagnostic methods and was the cause for suboptimal detection and false negatives during routine diagnostic monitoring. Starting from a dataset of sequences related to viruses of different origins and clades (Y439, Y280, G1), a bioinformatics workflow was optimized to extract relevant sequence data preparatory for oligonucleotides design. Analytical and diagnostic performances were assessed according to the OIE standards. To facilitate assay deployment, amplification conditions were optimized with different nucleic extraction systems and amplification kits. Performance of the new real-time RT-PCR was also evaluated in comparison to existing H9-detection methods, highlighting a significant improvement of sensitivity and inclusivity, in particular for G1 viruses. Data obtained suggest that the new assay has the potential to be employed under different settings and geographic areas for a sensitive detection of H9 viruses.

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