Dynamics of growth of silica particles from ammonia-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetra-ethyl-orthosilicate

Matsoukas, Themis; Gülari, Erdogan

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(88)90346-3

Cited by 284 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The mechanism of Stöber method with respects to silica particle formation, growth, and particle size, distribution, and shape have been investigated in the past decades [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. However, the mechanisms reported by different researchers are contradictory.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wang et al summarized the mechanisms from literatures which may be sorted into two different models: the monomer addition model and the controlled aggregation model [42]. The monomer addition model argues that after a limited period of time for nucleation, growth occurs through the addition of hydrolyzed monomers to the oligomers surface and gradually becomes the dominant process [30,33,34]. On the contrary, the controlled aggregation model claims that the aggregation of sub-particles leads to particle formation [31,32,37,40,41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nano SiO2 particle formation and deposition on polypropylene separators for lithium-ion batteries

Fu¹,

Luan²,

Argue³

et al. 2012

Journal of Power Sources

194

125

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. b s t r a c tThe novelty of this work is the formation and deposition of SiO 2 , as opposed to deposition using commercially available SiO 2 powder suspension in the solution, to form ceramic coating on polypropylene (PP) separators for lithium-ion battery. The formation of SiO 2 nanoparticles with uniform particle size is accomplished through direct hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), while the deposition of the formed SiO 2 on PP separators was conducted in the same solution containing polyvinylidene fluoridehexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) as binders and acetone as the solvent. The effects of the ceramic coating on the surface morphology, tensile strength, contact angles, electrolyte uptake, thermal shrinkage of the PP separators and the cell performances such as battery rate capability and Coulombic efficiency were investigated. The coated separators show significant reduction in thermal shrinkage and improvement in tensile strength, contact angles, electrolyte uptake and battery performance as compared to the plain PP separator. Crown

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano SiO2 particle formation and deposition on polypropylene separators for lithium-ion batteries

Fu¹,

Luan²,

Argue³

et al. 2012

Journal of Power Sources

194

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Firstly, it increases rapidly to 40% after 5 minutes, then gradually to 48% and 50% after 10 and 20 minutes respectively, and thereafter remains nearly rest number of Pd particles until the balance between generation of supersaturation by the reaction and consumption rate by the particle growth was well established. 8) In this respect, it can be said that a slow consumption rate of Pd particles in the conversions at 313 K and 323 K seems to be like a continuous nucleation occurred in homogeneous system, evidently yielding the powder with bi-modal number particle size distribution as shown in Fig. 4.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It can be thought that the numbers of Pd particles equal to 28, 47, 66, 72, 81 and 86% might be consumed at the beginnings, are good enough to establish the balance between the generation rate of Cu monomers by the reaction and consumption rate by the Pd particles growth at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 g/L Cu 2 O conditions, thus yielding mono-modal number size distribution powders. 8,[10][11][12][13] In Fig. 10, it is noted that the copper powder prepared at 40 g/L Cu 2 O exhibits a much wide mono-modal number distribution and its average size becomes larger, compared to the ones at 20 g/L and 30 g/L.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Process of Copper Particles in the Cuprous Oxide-Water System

et al. 2007

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Dispersed copper powder was prepared from cuprous oxide slurry by a wet chemical reduction technique with hydrazine. Palladium chloride (PdCl 2 ) was used to produce palladium (Pd) seed with its stabilizer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and sodium pyrophosphate (Na 4 O 7 P 2 ) was added as a dispersion agent. The formation and growth process of copper particles in the heterogeneous system were investigated in terms of reaction temperature and slurry concentration. As a general trend observed elsewhere, the average particle size of copper powder decreased from 420 nm to 150 nm with an increase of temperature from 313 to 353 K, while the shape of its number particle size distribution changed from bimodal at low temperatures (313-323 K) to mono-modal at higher ones (333-353 K). Moreover, number size distributions of the powders produced at higher concentrations (2.5-40 g/L) all exhibit mono-modal shape while at 1.25 g/L it is bi-modal one. The explanation were based on the relationship between the number of Pd seed on the copper particles activated, which govern size and size distribution of final production in heterogeneous system, and the generation rate of Cu monomer at given conditions.

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“…Therefore, the seeded growth mechanism is dominant. [23] When the amount of water is more than 10 ml, the basicity of the reaction media decreases (see Figure 1). Thus, silica seeds are less active.…”

Section: The Formation Mechanism Of the Silica Microspheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in-depth investigation on the formation of nanoporous silica microspheres in diluted dodecylamine solutions

Liu

Zhao

2015

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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The morphology and textural characteristics of silica products formed via the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate in increasing diluted dodecylamine solutions have been investigated. The results show that the pH values of the synthesis media increase with the initial additions of water. The formation of silica speeds up as the solution is diluted. As a result, microporous silica microspheres with increasing surface areas, pore volumes, pore and particle sizes are formed by a monomer addition mechanism. Further increases in the amount of water result in the decrease of the concentrations of OH ¡ . Consequently, the formed silica seeds become less active and the diffusion of silica species is accelerated. The monomer addition process thus becomes difficult. The self-nucleation of silica species leads to the formation of large quantities of primary silica nano particles. In order to minimise the internal energy of the reaction system, the nanoparticles aggregate to form micrometre-sized silica microspheres with a relatively loose structure. The synthesised microspheres can be used in the removal of organic pollutants in water. It is shown that the nanoporous silica microspheres formed by the aggregation mechanism have a faster dye adsorption rate and a higher adsorption capacity than those formed by the monomer addition mechanism.

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Dynamics of growth of silica particles from ammonia-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetra-ethyl-orthosilicate

Cited by 284 publications

References 9 publications

Nano SiO2 particle formation and deposition on polypropylene separators for lithium-ion batteries

Nano SiO2 particle formation and deposition on polypropylene separators for lithium-ion batteries

Growth Process of Copper Particles in the Cuprous Oxide-Water System

An in-depth investigation on the formation of nanoporous silica microspheres in diluted dodecylamine solutions

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