Dynamics of grain ejection by sphere impact on a granular bed

Debœuf, Stéphanie; Gondret, Philippe; Rabaud, Marc

doi:10.1103/physreve.79.041306

Cited by 60 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In their experimental work, Deboeuf et al (2009) assume that the crater volume is directly given by the corresponding volume of ejected particles. This is not always the case, however, at the nanoscale (Bringa et al 2002), and might not be the case for granular impacts.…”

Section: Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust-aggregate impact into granular matter: A systematic study of the influence of projectile velocity and size on crater formation and grain ejection

Planes

Millán

Urbassek

et al. 2017

A&A

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Context. Dust impact into granular materials leads to crater formation and material ejection. Aims. The impact of dust aggregates, composed of a number Np of grains, into a granular bed consisting of the same grains is studied as a function of impact velocity v and projectile size Np. No gravitational effects are included. Methods. Granular-mechanics simulations are used to study the outcome of dust-aggregate impacts. The granular bed and the aggregates are composed of silica grains and have filling factor 0.36. Results. Both the crater volume and the ejection yield increase sublinearly with total impact energy. No crater rims are formed. Crater shapes change from hemispheric to elongated when increasing either projectile size or velocity. The crater walls are compacted by the impact within a zone of a size comparable to the crater radius. Ejecta are produced at the edges of the impact; only a small fraction of the ejecta stem from the projectile. The energy distribution of the ejecta follows at high energies a 1/E 2 decay reminiscent of sputtering from atomic targets. The maximum of the distribution is shifted to higher energies for larger projectiles; this is caused by the increasing depth from which ejected grains originate. Conclusions. Due to the dissipative nature of intergranular collisions and the porosity of the target, crater morphology and ejecta yield deviate characteristically from impacts into atomic materials.

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Section: Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust-aggregate impact into granular matter: A systematic study of the influence of projectile velocity and size on crater formation and grain ejection

Planes

Millán

Urbassek

et al. 2017

A&A

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“…Despite the similarity in scaled velocity relationship between this droplet experiment and those using solid objects, there is a significant difference in terms of ejection angle. For solid object impacts at low velocity (1 to 4 m s −1 ) using spheres of different radii on 400-μm glass spheres, Deboeuf et al [6] recorded the ejecta sheet angle to be consistently between 45°and 60°. Similarly, Marston et al [31] state that after the early stages of solid sphere impact onto 520-μm glass beads, the particle ejection reaches a constant of 45°to 50°.…”

Section: Particle Ejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even considering the simplified case of a solid projectile, granular systems have been shown to exhibit particularly abstruse rheology, demonstrating both solidlike and liquidlike responses to external impact [1,2]. Many studies have investigated this complex response of granular media to solid impact, looking at both bed morphology [2][3][4] and the ejection of particles [5,6], considerably adding to our understanding. However, such studies provide limited insight into the additional complexities provided by a liquid projectile, in which deformation and breakup of the droplet, in conjunction with its penetration into the granular medium, has considerable influence on the transfer of energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation into the impact of a liquid droplet onto a granular bed using three-dimensional, time-resolved, particle tracking

et al. 2014

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(2014) 'Experimental investigation into the impact of a liquid droplet onto a granular bed using three-dimensional, time-resolved, particle tracking.', Physical review E., 89 (3). 032201.Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.89.032201Publisher's copyright statement:Reprinted with permission from the American Physical Society: Physical Review E 89, 032201 c 2014 by the American Physical Society. Readers may view, browse, and/or download material for temporary copying purposes only, provided these uses are for noncommercial personal purposes. Except as provided by law, this material may not be further reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modied, adapted, performed, displayed, published, or sold in whole or part, without prior written permission from the American Physical Society.Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. An experimental investigation into the interaction that occurs between an impacting water droplet and a granular bed of loose graded sand has been carried out. High-speed imaging, three-dimensional time-resolved particle tracking, and photogrammetric surface profiling have been used to examine individual impact events. The focus of the study is the quantification and trajectory analysis of the particles ejected from the sand bed, along with measurement of the change in bed morphology. The results from the experiments have detailed two distinct mechanisms of particle ejection: the ejection of water-encapsulated particles from the edge of the wetted region and the ejection of dry sand from the periphery of the impact crater. That the process occurs by these two distinct mechanisms has hitherto been unobserved. Presented in the paper are distributions of the particle ejection velocities, angles, and transport distances for both mechanisms. The ejected water-encapsulated particles, which are few in number, are characterized by low ejection angles and high ejection velocities, leading to large transport distances; the ejected dry particles, which are much greater in number, are characterized by high ejection angles and low velocities, leading to lower transport distances. From the particle ejection data, the momentum of the individual ballistic sand particles has been calculated; it was found that only 2% of the water-droplet momentum at impact is transferred to the ballistic sand particles. In addition to the particle tracking, surface profiling of the granular bed postimpact has provided detailed information on its morphology; these data hav...

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“…Along with its astrophysical [3] and ballistics applications [4], impact dynamics is an object of active research to understand the high-speed response of granular matter [5]. In dry granular media, impact by a solid object results in the formation of a corona of granular ejecta and a solid-like plastic deformation leading to a permanent crater [6][7][8][9][10][11]. For fine powders in air, granular jets and cavity collapse occur during impact [12,13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unifying Impacts in Granular Matter from Quicksand to Cornstarch

2016

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A sharp transition between liquefaction and transient solidification is observed during impact on a granular suspension depending on the initial packing fraction. We demonstrate, via high-speed pressure measurements and a two-phase modeling, that this transition is controlled by a coupling between the granular pile dilatancy and the interstitial fluid pressure generated by the impact. Our results provide a generic mechanism for explaining the wide variety of impact responses in particulate media, from dry quicksand in powders to impact-hardening in shear-thickening suspensions like cornstarch.Impacts on particulate media like granular materials and suspensions present an astonishingly rich phenomenology [1, 2]. Along with its astrophysical [3] and ballistics applications [4], impact dynamics is an object of active research to understand the high-speed response of granular matter [5]. In dry granular media, impact by a solid object results in the formation of a corona of granular ejecta and a solid-like plastic deformation leading to a permanent crater [6][7][8][9][10][11]. For fine powders in air, granular jets and cavity collapse occur during impact [12,13]. Subsequent studies showed that the ambient pressure of the interstitial fluid (air) is an important element for the observed fluid-like behavior [14][15][16], while for denser packing the impact penetration is much reduced [17]. However, the question of the physical mechanisms and control parameters that give rise to such a wide variety of phenomena is still largely open. Recently, studies on shearthickening suspensions (cornstarch) showed completely different behaviors. Above a critical velocity, an impacting object immediately stops [18], or in some cases generates cracks [19], as if hitting a solid. This phenomenon has been related to the propagation of dynamic jamming fronts in the bulk [18] but the mechanism remains unclear and overlooks the role of fluid/grains couplings, which are known to strongly affect the transient behavior of saturated granular materials [2,20,21]. Whether impact-activated solidification relies on such couplings or on the complex rheology of the suspension is a pivotal question for clarifying the physics of shear-thickening fluids -a still highly debated topic [23][24][25][26][27].The objective of this Letter is to address these questions and elucidate the role of the interstitial fluid and the initial volume fraction on the diverse impact phenomenology observed in granular materials and dense suspensions during the last decade. To avoid difficulties associated with colloidal interactions between particles (like in shear-thickening suspensions) or fluid compressibility (like in powders in air), we study here the impact of a freely-falling rigid sphere on a simple granular suspension [28] made up of macroscopic, heavy particles (glass beads in the range 0.1-1 mm) immersed in an incompressible liquid (water, viscous oil). The initial packing fraction of the suspension φ 0 (the ratio of the volume of the glass beads to the total v...

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Dynamics of grain ejection by sphere impact on a granular bed

Cited by 60 publications

References 30 publications

Dust-aggregate impact into granular matter: A systematic study of the influence of projectile velocity and size on crater formation and grain ejection

Dust-aggregate impact into granular matter: A systematic study of the influence of projectile velocity and size on crater formation and grain ejection

Experimental investigation into the impact of a liquid droplet onto a granular bed using three-dimensional, time-resolved, particle tracking

Unifying Impacts in Granular Matter from Quicksand to Cornstarch

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