Dynamics of endocrine markers and liver enzymes in laying hens after protein and probiotics supplementation in the post-moult phase

Abstract

Serum lipid profile, hormones and liver enzymes were studied to determine the health status in moulted layers supplemented with protein, probiotics and symbiotics. Four equal groups (n = 50 each) as control (CONT; CP16% diet), high protein (HP; CP18% diet), symbiotic (SYM; CP16% diet, symbiotic @ 85 mg/L orally) and probiotic (PRO; CP16% diet, probiotic @ 85 mg/L orally) were studied. Fifteen birds were slaughtered at 5%, peak and end of post-moult production periods from each group to collect blood. A two-factorial completely randomized design along with the DMR test was applied. The serum was analysed to determine various parameters by commercially available kits. The LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C; mg/dL) and cortisol (µg/dL) concentration in HP, SYM and PRO and thyroxin (T4; µg/dL) in PRO and SYM were significantly reduced as compared to CONT. Triiodothyronine (T3; ng/mL) concentration in HP, SYM, PRO; HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C; mg/dL) in HP and AST (U/L) concentration in PRO were significantly increased (P ≤ .05) as compared to CONT. The decrease (P ≤ .01) in LDL-C and cortisol levels and increase in HDL-C level indicate the reducing effect of these supplementations on stress, whereas an increase in T3 in supplemented birds (HP and PRO) signifies its metabolic boosting impact in post-moult laying hens. ARTICLE HISTORY

Effect of the Manufactured Bacterial Preparation on Some Cellular and Biochemical Blood Characteristics of Laying Hens

“…This result is in agreement with what Anwar et al (2018)who also did not find significant differences in liver enzymes AST and ALT during his study on laying hens at 70 weeks of age, in which the commercial protexin® was used in drinking water at a concentration 85 mg/L. Hassan et al (2019) noted that using the probiotic at a level of 0.1% in the ration of laying hens for 21 weeks does not affect liver enzymes compared to the control treatment; because it does not contain harmful substances that cause inflammation or damage to liver cells, as a result of which the rate of these enzymes increases, and significant differences appear in table.…”

“…Their study was, conducted on 216 experimental units of laying hens of 32 weeks of age under heat stress conditions for 90 days, in which the probiotic was used at a level of (0, 200and,400) g/ton of feed. In a study conducted on laying hens at the age of 70 weeks, in which a commercial probiotic (Protexin ® ) prepared by Probiotics UK International was used in drinking water at a concentration of 85 mg/L, no significant differences were observed in the concentration of cholesterol, AST and ALT (Anwar et al 2018). Hassan et al (2019) in a study conducted on 360 experimental units of Lohmann Light laying hens for 21 weeks, showed that the use of the probiotic at a level of 0.1% did not affect the concentration of cholesterol in blood serum and liver enzyme AST compared to the treatment of control that is not added.…”

Effect of synbiotics on thyroid hormones, intestinal histomorphology, and heat shock protein 70 expression in broiler chickens reared under cyclic heat stress

“…Hosseini et al ( 2013 ) also reported that both prebiotics (BIO-MOS of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast) and probiotic (BIO-SAF) as well as their combination normalized HS reduced thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in broilers (exposed to heat at 34.5°C for 4 h daily during the first week, then reduced and maintained constantly at 26.5°C until 42 D of age). Anwar et al ( 2018 ) also reported that synbiotics and probiotics increased T3 concentrations but decreased T4 concentration in molted hens. Taken together, the current and previous results may suggest that the regulation of thyroid hormones may not be the major function of the synbiotic in heat-stressed broilers, and the effect of synbiotics on thyroid hormones may be affected by the components of synbiotics, treatment duration, bird species and age, and stress condition.…”

Biotrophy and Its Biological Role Productivity, Physiological and Microbial Indicators of Broiler Chickens and Layng Hens

“…Sobczak and Kozłowski (2015) indicated that the addition of Bacillus subtilis as a probiotic at a level of 1.4 × 10 8 (cfu/g) per kilogram of ration, did not affect the product characteristics, which included: egg weight, number of eggs, egg mass, feed consumption and feed conversion, and it was observed there were significant differences in the weight gain of laying hens, and it also did not affect the qualitative characteristics of eggs, which included: white weight, yolk weight, but a significant improvement was observed in shell weight, thickness and average yolk colour when studying 288 laying hens of the Lohmann Brown strain. For 26 weeks.In a study conducted on 112 laying hens at the age of 42 weeks, the Sheffer breed, which aimed to know the effect of adding the locally prepared probiotic on productive performance, as one gram of the probiotic contains no less than 10 10 (cfu / g) of Lactobacilli bacteria And no less than 10 10 (cfu/g) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, no less than 1 10 (cfu/g) of Lactobacillus acidophilus, and no less than,100 10 (cfu/g) of Bacillus subtilus, the probiotic was used in this study in different proportions. (5, 10 and 15) Alagawany et al (2016) found that the addition of probiotics had no significant effect on the amount of feed consumed, feed conversion factor, egg weight, egg production percentage (HD%) and egg mass in a study conducted on 160 laying hens the Lohmann breed, for 20 weeks, in which the probiotic was used at the level of 1 g / kg feed, which contains Lactobacillus acidophilus in an amount of 10 10 (cfu/g).…”

“…Sobczak and Kozłowski (2015) indicated that the addition of a commercial probiotic at a level of 1.4 × 10 8 (cfu/g) per kg of diet did not affect the concentration of cholesterol in the blood serum when it was studied on 288 laying hens of the Lohmann Brown breed for 26 weeks. In another study conducted on 112 laying hens at the age of 42 weeks, Scheffer breed, which aimed to know the effect of adding the locally prepared probiotic (Iraq probiotic) on productive and physiological performance, as one gram of the probiotic contains no less than 10 10 (cfu/g) of Lactobacilli and not less than 10 10 (cfu/g) of S. cerevisia and not less than 1 10 (cfu/g) of Lactobacillus acidophilus and not less than 100 10 (cfu/g) of Bacillus subtilus, for which it was used The probiotic at different ratios (5, 10 and 15) g/kg feed, to study the following biochemical parameters (blood cholesterol, glucose concentration, total protein, albumin, globulin, AST enzyme concentration and ALT enzyme concentration. The results showed no significant differences in Glucose concentration, total protein concentration, albumin, globulin, AST enzyme concentration and ALT enzyme concentration, with a significant decrease in blood cholesterol (Mousa and Al-Rawi, 2015).…”