Dynamics of COVID‐19 outbreak in Poland: an epidemiological analysis of the first two months of the epidemic

Abstract

As of April 30, 2020, a total of 3 090 445 COVID -19 cases have been reported worldwide, including 217 769 deaths. 4 COVID -19 cases in Europe account for about half of those globally. The first country in Europe with a confirmed SARS -CoV -2 case was France (January 24, 2020). 5 On January 28, the first case was reported in Germany, and 3 days later in Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. 5INTROduCTION Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS -CoV -2) emerged at the end of 2019 in Asia (Hubei province, China) and spread around the world. 1 The SARS -CoV -2 infection causes coronavirus disease 2019 . The most common symptoms at the onset of COVID -19 are fever, cough, fatigue, sore throat, shortness of breath, and myalgia. 1-3

How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted Polish urologists? Results from a national survey

“…Firstly, during the initial phase of the COVID-19 surge, major global, as well as Polish organizations recommended postponement of elective procedures, implementation of shift-work as well as telemedicine to preserve essential health care sectors and to minimalize the risk of nosocomial infections, which were initially one of the most common sources of transmission [ 3 ]. This restructuring was rapidly introduced and led to an unprecedented disruption of hospital and outpatient services.…”

“…In late 2019, the spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had started, with massive outbreaks in countries and territories worldwide causing global economic, public health, and social crises [ 1 ]. Poland, the second most-populated Central European country, faced delayed and lower COVID-19 incidence rates, and contrary to regions more affected by the pandemic, did not observe saturation of hospitals [ 2 , 3 ]. In line with major medical organizations' recommendations, numerous measures were undertaken to mitigate the negative impact of the COVID-19 surge including the postponement of elective surgeries, implementation of telemedicine, shift-work, and higher uptake of personal protective equipment (PPE) [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS) Did Occur in Poland during Months with Low COVID-19 Prevalence. Preliminary Results of a Nationwide Register.

“…Thus, the discrepancy in testing didn't correspond to the incidence rate (testing rate was similar in France, only 2-fold higher in Italy, 3-fold higher in the USA and 4-fold higher in the UK). In Poland, children accounted for 0.8-2.8% of all laboratory-confirmed cases, similar to other countries [16]. Our aims were: to investigate the nature of inflammatory syndromes in Poland during the COVID-19 epidemic and perceive the emergence of PIMS in our country.…”

Modeling the incidence and death rates of COVID-19 pandemic in different regions of the world

“…In summary, from the results of this study some economic indicators (GDP-US$ per capita, GDP), health indicators (infant mortality rate, % GDP spent on health, Physicians by 1000 inhabitants), sociodemographic indicators (urban population, Population density by km 2 ) and some differences in regions are the most important factors which could impact in better or worse results for the COVID-19 pandemic in different countries of the world. However, all of these results must be considered with great caution, since the pandemic of COVID-19 has been shown to be extremely dynamic, with patterns of distribution, contagion, transmissibility among continents, and even often within the same country, where marked differences have been observed (Nepomuceno et al 2020;Raciborski et al 2020). It is important to note that, while writing this manuscript, we observed the interiorization and ruralization of COVID-19 in some countries (Joob and Wiwanitkit 2020;Sriwijitalai and Wiwanitkit 2020), which suggests that we know very little about the properties of SARS-CoV-2 and its interaction/ adaptation with the environment and the human beings K.-H. Chan (2020).…”