Dynamics of Change and Change in Dynamics

Boker, Steven M.; Staples, Angela D.; Hu, Yueqin

doi:10.17505/jpor.2016.05

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Many complex systems, including psychology and the social world, involve dynamic relationships between the components or variables within that system, resulting in developmental processes that occur over time (Boker et al, 2016). Researchers assessing practical relevance may therefore need to consider relevant dynamic processes and the target population's stage of development in these processes.…”

Section: Stage Of Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not all effects are indispensable: Psychological science requires verifiable lines of reasoning for whether an effect matters.

Anvari¹,

Kievit²,

Lakens³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Psychological researchers currently lack guidance for how to evaluate the practical relevance of observed effect sizes, i.e. whether a finding will have impact when translated to a different context of application. Although psychologists have recently highlighted theoretical justifications for why small effect sizes might be practically relevant, such justifications are simplistic and fail to provide the information necessary for evaluation and falsification. Claims about whether an observed effect size is practically relevant need to consider both the mechanisms amplifying and counteracting practical relevance, as well as the assumptions underlying each mechanism at play. To provide guidance for systematically evaluating whether an observed effect size is practically relevant, we present examples of widely applicable mechanisms and the key assumptions needed for justifying whether an observed effect size can be expected to generalize to different contexts. Routine use of these mechanisms to justify claims about practical relevance has the potential to make researchers’ claims about generalizability substantially more transparent. This transparency can help move psychological science towards a more rigorous assessment of when psychological findings can be applied in the world.

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Section: Stage Of Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not all effects are indispensable: Psychological science requires verifiable lines of reasoning for whether an effect matters.

Anvari¹,

Kievit²,

Lakens³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…in which index j denotes person-specific values, η is the frequency parameter, which is related to the frequency of the oscillation in a self-regulating system, and ζ is the damping parameter, which governs the amplitude of the oscillation (see Boker 2012;Boker et al 2016, for a more detailed explanation of the parameter interpretation). The parameters η and ζ do not have person index j as they are assumed constant across persons here.…”

Section: Second-order Linear Differential Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Linear differential equations establish linear relationships between a variable f and its derivatives with respect to time (e.g., the first derivative and the second derivative ). A second-order linear differential equation model is described by in which index j denotes person-specific values, is the frequency parameter, which is related to the frequency of the oscillation in a self-regulating system, and is the damping parameter, which governs the amplitude of the oscillation (see Boker 2012 ; Boker et al 2016 , for a more detailed explanation of the parameter interpretation). The parameters and do not have person index j as they are assumed constant across persons here.…”

Section: Review Of Conceptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Note on the Usefulness of Constrained Fourth-Order Latent Differential Equation Models in the Case of Small T

2020

Self Cite

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Constrained fourth-order latent differential equation (FOLDE) models have been proposed (e.g., Boker et al. 2020) as alternative to second-order latent differential equation (SOLDE) models to estimate second-order linear differential equation systems such as the damped linear oscillator model. When, however, only a relatively small number of measurement occasions T are available (i.e., $$T=50$$ T = 50 ), the recommendation of which model to use is not clear (Boker et al. 2020). Based on a data set, which consists of $$T=56$$ T = 56 observations of daily stress for $$N=44$$ N = 44 individuals, we illustrate that FOLDE can help to choose an embedding dimension, even in the case of a small T. This is of great importance, as parameter estimates depend on the embedding dimension as well as on the latent differential equations model. Consequently, the wavelength as quantity of potential substantive interest may vary considerably. We extend the modeling approaches used in past research by including multiple subjects, by accounting for individual differences in equilibrium, and by including multiple instead of one single observed indicator.

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“…However, such techniques may mask the important substantive information that the nonstationarity in behavioral time series data may convey. For example, nonstationarity can imply nonconstant dynamics of within-person changes (Boker, Staples, & Hu, 2016). Moreover, given the big data nature in intensive longitudinal data, the enormous amount of measurement occasions may render the stationarity assumption for the whole series unlikely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronized Time Profile Similarity in Applications to Nearest Neighbor Classification

Liu

2020

Springer Proceedings in Mathematics &Amp; Statistics

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One of the existing approaches to time series classification exploits the time profiles using the original data with synchronization instead of model-implied data. Synchronization aligns inter-individual data from different time points to account for potential phase offsets and nonstationarity in the data. Such synchronization has been applied in psychology: For example, coordinated motion between two individuals exchanging information was used as a predictor and outcome of psychological processes. Synchronization also affords better classification outcomes, as discussed in the data mining community, through aligning the data to reveal the maximally shared profile underlying two compared data sequences. For inter-individual comparison of univariate time series data, existing similarity indices include Euclidean distances and squared correlations. For synchronization, we introduce dynamic time warping and window-crossed lagging. The current study compares the Euclidean distance and the squared correlation before and after synchronization using window-crossed lagging and dynamic time warping in applications to one-nearest-neighbor classification tasks. Discussion, limitations, and future directions are provided.

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Dynamics of Change and Change in Dynamics

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

Not all effects are indispensable: Psychological science requires verifiable lines of reasoning for whether an effect matters.

Not all effects are indispensable: Psychological science requires verifiable lines of reasoning for whether an effect matters.

A Note on the Usefulness of Constrained Fourth-Order Latent Differential Equation Models in the Case of Small T

Synchronized Time Profile Similarity in Applications to Nearest Neighbor Classification

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