Dynamics of age-related structural and functional changes in the brain of patients with autism spectrum disorders

Belokoskova, Svetlana G.; Георгиевна, Белокоскова Светлана; Malsagova, Emma M.; Магомедовна, Мальсагова Эмма; Tsikunov, Sergey G.; Георгиевич, Цикунов Сергей

doi:10.17816/maj19321-26

Cited by 3 publications

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References 47 publications

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“…Аномалии развития серого и белого вещества мозга вызывают формирование избыточных внутриструктурных связей и дефицит дистантных нейросетей. У детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра на первом году жизни отмечаются: моторная задержка, изменения на нейросонографии, снижение комплекса оживления, снижение гуления и лепета [8,9]. У детей с дизонтогенезом дошкольного и подросткового возраста наблюдается отставание в росте целостного мозга и отдельных его долей в сочетании с нарушениями на микроуровне в виде редукции числа нейронов, нарушений процессов миелинизации.…”

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“…У взрослых пациентов различия на макро-и микроуровне в среднем нивелируются. При этом клинические проявления заболевания отражают сформировавшиеся атипичные функциональные связи [8]. Большинство аномалий у детей с аутизмом связаны с функционированием лобных и височных долей мозга [10].…”

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Dynamics of Neuropsychological Indicators of Block II Brain Functions Development in Autistic Children

Гуткевич¹,

Пустовая²

2023

Психиатрия, Психотерапия И Клиническая Психология

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Цель. Изучение изменений нейропсихологических показателей функций приема, переработки и хранения информации у детей с аутизмом в процессе проведения с ними психокоррекционных занятий. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 48 детей с аутистическими расстройствами. Дети на протяжении 5 лет с периодичностью 1 раз в год выполняли диагностические пробы. Возраст детей в начале проведения исследования составил (5,75±2,61) года, в конце проведения исследования – (10,99±2,74) года. Для оценки дефицитарности (несформированности) функций II блока мозга были использованы методы нейропсихологической диагностики для детей дошкольного и школьного возраста. Результаты. Для детей с аутизмом наибольшая положительная динамика отмечается в таких областях, как зрительный гнозис ((1,91±0,45) балла), понимание обращенной речи ((1,82±0,43) балла) и понимание номинаций речи ((1,72±0,64) балла), показ частей тела ((1,98±0,55) балла). Наиболее проблемными областями являются понимание логико-грамматических конструкций ((0,97±0,53) балла), просодика ((1,01±0,48) балла), спонтанная речь ((1,03±0,73) балла), слухоречевая ((1,00±0,69) балла) и зрительная память ((1,04±1,06) балла). Заключение. Изучение изменения нейропсихологических особенностей функций II блока мозга у детей с аутизмом позволило выделить области, в которых отмечается наиболее и наименее выраженная динамика показателей. Purpose. Study of changes in neuropsychological indicators of functions of receiving, processing and storing information in autistic children in the course of their psychological correction sessions. Materials and methods. The study involved 48 children with autistic disorders, the children performed diagnostic tests once a year for five years. The age of children at the beginning of the study was (5.75 ± 2.61) years, at the end of the study – (10.99 ± 2.74) years. Methods of neuropsychological diagnostics for preschool and school-age children were used to assess the deficiency (lack of formation) of the brain block II functions. Results. For children with autism, the greatest positive dynamics was observed in such areas as visual gnosis ((1.91 ± 0.45) points), understanding of reversed speech ((1.82 ± 0.43) points) and understanding of speech nominations ((1.72 ± 0.64) points), showing body parts ((1.98 ± 0.55) points). The most problematic areas were logical and grammatical constructions understanding ((0.97 ± 0.53) points), prosodics ((1.01 ± 0.48) points), spontaneous speech ((1.03 ± 0.73) points), auditory speech ((1.00 ± 0.69) points) and visual memory ((1.04 ± 1.06) points). Conclusion. The study of changes in neuropsychological features of the brain block II functions in children with autism allowed identifying areas in which the most and least pronounced dynamics of indicators were observed.

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Dynamics of Neuropsychological Indicators of Block II Brain Functions Development in Autistic Children

Гуткевич¹,

Пустовая²

2023

Психиатрия, Психотерапия И Клиническая Психология

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BDNF content and catalase activity in the blood of children with autism spectrum disorders

Belokoskova,

Malsagova,

Ivleva

et al. 2023

Medical academic journal

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BACKGROUND: With the increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorders worldwide, it is relevant to study the mechanisms contributing to their development and progression. The participation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease is considered, however, their role in this process remains unclear. The relationship between BDNF levels and oxidative stress in the blood of patients with autism spectrum disorders has not been studied. AIM: The aim was to evaluate the content of brain neurotrophic factor, BDNF, and catalase, an antioxidant defense enzyme, in children with various clinical forms of autism spectrum disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BDNF content and catalase activity were assessed in the blood plasma of 78 children with autism spectrum disorders, including 41 patients with childhood autism, 19 children with atypical autism, 6 patients with Aspergers syndrome, and 12 patients with other general developmental disorders (with elements of autism). The control group consisted of 20 conditionally healthy children. The diagnosis was established in accordance with the ICD-10. The severity of disorders was determined using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. The content of BDNF was evaluated using the method of enzyme immunoassay, catalase activity was determined by colorimetric method. RESULTS: The content of BDNF in blood plasma was reduced in children with autism spectrum disorders compared to its levels in control group subjects. BDNF levels depended on the clinical form of the disease: the content of BDNF was reduced in patients with childhood autism, atypical autism, Aspergers syndrome compared to control group subjects; in patients with atypical autism it is lower than in patients with childhood autism; BDNF levels in the group of patients with other general developmental disorders and in control group did not differ. The content of BDNF did not depend on gender, age and severity of autism spectrum disorders. A negative correlation was found between BDNF levels and the age of control group children. There were no differences in the activity of catalase in the blood of children with autism spectrum disorders and in control group. A positive correlation was found between BDNF levels and catalase activity in children with autism spectrum disorders and control group subjects. CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in the content of BDNF in the blood of children with autism spectrum disorders was revealed. Neurotrophin content differed in children with separate clinical forms of the disease. To varying degrees the decrease in BDNF levels in patients with childhood autism, atypical autism, Aspergers syndrome and the absence of changes in patients with other general developmental disorders compared with controls could be associated with a different contribution of neurotrophin to the pathogenesis of clinical forms of autism spectrum disorders. In children with autism spectrum disorders, there were no age-related changes in neurotrophin levels, while in healthy children a negative correlation was found between the content of BDNF and age. The absence of changes in the activity of catalase in the blood of children with autism spectrum disorders indicated the safety of the antioxidant defense system in terms of this indicator. The positive correlation between BDNF levels and catalase activity in the blood of patients with autism spectrum disorders and control group subjects reflected the protective role of neurotrophin from the damaging effects of oxidative stress.

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Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders

Belokoskova,

Tsikunov

2023

Rev Clin Pharm Drug Ther

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The literature review reflects the contemporary information on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders. We present data on the importance of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and epigenetic influences on the development of oxidative stress, which, during critical periods of early brain development, may influence the induction and progression of the disease. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction, immunological disorders, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, hypoperfusion of the brain causing or aggravating the redox imbalance in patients with autism spectrum disorders is shown. Analysis of the literature data indicates that the increased content of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione, ceruloplasmin and transferrin in the blood and brain of patients with autism spectrum disorders reflects the activation of compensatory mechanisms. Increased levels of malondialdehyde, xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide in various biological media indicate insufficiency of antioxidant protection system. Taking into account the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders, therapy including antioxidant drugs is indicated for correction of metabolic disorders.

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Dynamics of age-related structural and functional changes in the brain of patients with autism spectrum disorders

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Dynamics of Neuropsychological Indicators of Block II Brain Functions Development in Autistic Children

Dynamics of Neuropsychological Indicators of Block II Brain Functions Development in Autistic Children

BDNF content and catalase activity in the blood of children with autism spectrum disorders

Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders

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